Table 2.

Cox Proportional Hazard Ratio Analyses for any GI Bleeding Events

	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis
	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P Value
Demographics
Age, per 10 y	1.62 (1.22–2.16)	0.001*	1.51 (1.11–2.05)	0.008*
Body mass index	0.97 (0.92–1.03)	0.29
Female	1.00 (0.45–2.21)	0.97
Destination therapy	1.25 (0.52–3.02)	0.63
Axial LVAD vs centrifugal LVAD	0.95 (0.47–1.92)	0.89
Temporary RVAD use	0.39 (0.05–2.82)	0.35
Omega-3 administration	0.12 (0.02–0.91)	0.040*	0.13 (0.02–0.98)	0.047*
Comorbidity
Ischemic cause	1.67 (0.84–3.33)	0.15
Hypertension	0.75 (0.38–1.49)	0.42
Diabetes mellitus	0.79 (0.38–1.66)	0.53
Atrial fibrillation	1.31 (0.65–2.63)	0.46
Hemoglobin, g/dL	0.81 (0.59–1.11)	0.19
Baseline therapeutic parameters
PT-INR	1.12 (0.57–2.21)	0.75
PT-INR >3.0	1.84 (0.56–6.04)	0.31
Aspirin dose, per 100 mg	0.84 (0.52–1.28)	0.38
Aspirin administration	0.77 (0.33–1.77)	0.53
LVAD speed, per 100 rpm
Axial LVAD	0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.38
Centrifugal LVAD	0.94 (0.51–1.75)	0.85
ACE or ARB	0.39 (0.17–0.86)	0.019*	0.48 (0.18–1.16)	0.12
β-blocker	0.57 (0.26–1.22)	0.15
Aldosterone antagonist	0.49 (0.22–1.14)	0.10

ACE indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; GI, gastrointestinal; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; PT-INR, prothrombin time with international normalized ratio; and RVAD, right ventricular assist device.

^*P<0.05 by Cox proportional hazard ratio analyses.