. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2018 Sep 21;203:177–184.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.110

Table 2.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of VPT and FT Children at Ages 2 and 5 Years

	VPT	FT	p	d/OR	Adjusted p^c	Adjusted p^d
Age 2 Years ^a	n = 87	n = 33
Cognition	n = 87	n = 33
Cognition score, m (SD)	85.98 (9.30)	92.73 (11.8)	.001	0.64	<.001	<.001
Cognitive delay, % (n)	33.3 (29)	15.2 (5)	.05	2.80	.02	.06
Language	n = 85	n = 33
Language score, m (SD)	88.38 (11.3)	100.09 (17.7)	.001	0.79	<.001	<.001
Language delay, % (n)	24.7 (21)	9.1 (3)	.06	3.28	.06	.22
Motor	n = 86	n = 32
Motor score, m (SD)	83.41 (11.0)	100.28 (15.6)	<.001	1.25	<.001	<.001
Motor delay, % (n)	36.0 (31)	6.3 (2)	.001	8.46	.007	.03
Age 5 Years	n = 83	n = 41
Cognition	n = 82	n = 41
Cognition score, m (SD)	88.23 (14.4)	104.49 (17.6)	<.001	1.01	<.001	<.001
Cognitive delay, % (n) ^a	30.5 (25)	4.9 (2)	.001	8.55	.003	.004
Language	n = 77	n = 40
Language score, m (SD)	88.43 (17.7)	103.56 (13.5)	<.001	0.96	<.001	<.001
Language delay, % (n) ^a	27.3 (21)	2.5 (1)	.001	14.63	.008	.02
Motor	n = 75	n = 39
Motor score, m (SD)	77.67 (16.1)	95.26 (14.2)	<.001	1.16	<.001	<.001
Motor delay, % (n) ^b	52.0 (39)	7.7 (3)	<.001	13.00	<.001	<.001

Note. Bonferroni corrected p-value = .05/12 = .004.

Delay defined as a standardized score ≤ 80;

Delay defined as standardized score ≤ 5^th percentile;

Adjusted for social risk index and sibling clustering;

Adjusted model excluding VPT children with moderate/severe WMA (n=32 at age 2, n=28 at age 5)