Table 4.
Results of PCR and nested PCR amplification of AR genes in samples of carrots and wheatmeal used as feed, and fresh mealworm larvae and frass of the three pooled rearing batches.
| Sample | Assay | Antibiotic resistance gene | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| erm(A) | erm(B) | erm(C) | vanA | vanB | tet(M) | tet(O) | tet(S) | tet(K) | mecA | blaZ | aac-aph | ||
| Organic carrots | PCR | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| n-PCR | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Organic wheatmeal | PCR | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| n-PCR | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | |
| Mealworm larvae | PCR | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| n-PCR | – | + | – | – | – | + | – | n.d. | + | – | – | – | |
| Frass | PCR | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| n-PCR | – | + | – | – | – | + | – | n.d. | + | – | – | + | |
PCR, positive after PCR; n-PCR: positive after nested PCR; n.d. not determined.