Table 2.
Independent samples t-tests and X2 for Wilson and Cleary model construct-specific variables with men and women (n=3377)
| Men | Women | X2/t-test | df | |
| Biological/physiological function | ||||
| BMI (normal) | 36.5% | 63.5% | 29.0** | 2 |
| Diastolic average | 79.0±12.0 | 81.0±11.5 | −6.4** | 3255 |
| Systolic average | 138.0±0.20.7 | 137.0±21.0 | 1.6 | 3255 |
| Pulse average | 67.7±12.1 | 69.8±11.2 | −5.1** | 3035 |
| Symptom status | ||||
| Pain | 43.8% | 56.2% | 8.9** | 1 |
| Pain: level (no pain) | 50.0% | 50.0% | 11.2 | 6 |
| Depression (CESD total)† | 1.8±0.3 | 2.0±0.4 | −6.6** | 3312 |
| Anxiety (HADS total)† | 1.8±0.5 | 1.8±0.4 | −0.8 | 2627 |
| Fatigue | 54.7% | 45.3% | 3.1 | 3 |
| Urinary incontinence† | 30.2% | 69.8% | 94.7** | 1 |
| Stool incontinence | 30.4% | 69.6% | 15.5** | 1 |
| Functional status | ||||
| No physical function difficulty† | 46.1% | 53.9% | 27.1 | 16 |
| Perceptions of control | 2.3±0.5 | 2.2±0.6 | 2.7** | 2665 |
| Companionship | 49.8% | 50.2% | 21.0** | 3 |
| Feel left out | 54.0% | 46.0% | 3.1 | 3 |
| Feel isolated | 55.8% | 44.2% | 1.5 | 3 |
| General health perceptions | ||||
| Self-rated physical health† | 3.2±1.1 | 3.2±1.0 | −0.7 | 3370 |
| Self-rated mental health† | 3.7±1.0 | 3.6±1.0 | 3.2** | 3372 |
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Insurance | 96.4% | 95.2% | 10.95** | 1 |
| Age category (≥70) | 62% | 55.8% | 14.1** | 1 |
| Education (> high school) | 57.5% | 55.2% | 1.78 | 1 |
| Race/ethnicity (non-black non-Hispanic) | 74.6% | 73.2% | 3.39 | 1 |
| Seen the doctor in last year† | 3.0±1.5 | 3.04±1.5 | −1.28 | 3367 |
| Environmental characteristics | ||||
| Rely on family | 36.9% | 63.1% | 42.14** | 3 |
| Has close family/relatives† | 38.6% | 61.4% | 52.05** | 5 |
| Rely on friends | 44.3% | 55.7% | 71.78** | 3 |
| Has friends† | 44.9% | 55.1% | 13.12* | 5 |
| Rely on spouse/partner† | 63.3% | 36.70% | 26.92** | 3 |
*P<0.05, **P<0.01.
†Variables that comprise the validated regression model and retained for subsequent gender-related regression analysis.
BMI, body mass index; CESD, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.