Table 3.

Characteristics of the developmental and validation models Wilson and Cleary model construct-specific variables

	Construct-specific variables	Developmental cohort (n=1689)			Validation cohort (n=1688)
		Descriptives	β	95% CI	Descriptives	β	95% CI
Symptom status	Depression (CESD total)	1.9 ±0.34	−0.111*	−0.537 to −0.061	1.9 ±0.35	−0.099**	−0.447 to −0.094
	Anxiety (HADS total)	1.8 ±0.45	−0.201**	−0.499 to −0.291	1.8 ±0.45	−0.212**	−0.563 to −0.270
	Urinary incontinence	0.42	−0.070*	−0.112 to 0.076	0.43	−0.059*	−0.238 to 0.028
Functional status	No physical function difficulty	0.72	−0.102**	−0.288 to −0.118	0.72	−0.107**	−0.181 to −0.045
	Companionship	0.39	−0.168**	−0.238 to −0.075	0.40	−0.166**	−0.207 to −0.129
	Feel isolated	0.27	−0.146**	−0.240 to −0.060	0.26	−0.148**	−0.229 to −0.113
General health perceptions	Self-rated physical health	3.22±1.05	0.121*	0.021 to 0.175	3.19±1.07	0.123**	0.061 to 0. 110
	Self-rated mental health	3.62 ±0.96	0.244**	0.126 to 0.283	3.62 ±0.99	0.240**	0.153 to 0.272
Individual characteristics	Education (>high school)	0.58	0.074*	−0.003 to 0.281	0.58	0.068*	−0.025 to 0.180
	Seen the doctor in last year	3.06±1.5	−0.099**	−0.093 to −0.027	2.97±1.5	−0.105**	−0.081 to −0.042
Environmental characteristics	Has close family/relatives	0.98	0.122**	0.059 to 0.150	0.98	0.123**	0.061 to 0.110
	Has friends	0.97	0.079*	−0.001 to 0.105	0.97	0.066*	−0.010 to 0.136
	Rely on spouse/partner	0.96	0.130**	0.094 to 0.357	0.97	0.134*	0.138 to 0.330

*P<0.05, **P<0.01.

CESD, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.