Table 1.

Flavonoids with gastroprotective activity.

Substance	Experimental assay/Administration route	Animal tested	Dose	Activity
Chalcones
Butein	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10 mg/kg	Active [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Inactive [65]
2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
2',3,4-trihydroxychalcone	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
2',4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-diprenyl-4-O-prenyl- chalcone	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Mouse	*	Weak Active [66]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [67]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	*	Active [66]
2',4'-dihydroxy-5'-prenyl-4-O-prenyl- chalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
2',4'-dihydroxychalcone	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	Acetic acid-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Mouse	*	Active [66]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100 mg/kg	Active [67]
		Rat	*	Active [66]
2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Inactive [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-3,3',5'-tris-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl) chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [68]
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrakis-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4,4'-bis-(O-3-methyl-but-2-enyl) chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [69]
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrakis-3-methyl-but-2-enyl) chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [68]
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-3,3',5-tris-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-4'-di-O-allyl chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [69]
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-3,3'-bis-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [68]
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-3,3'-diprenylchalcone	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
2',4,4'-trihydroxy-3,5,5'-tris-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4'-O-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [69]
2',4,4'-trihydroxychalcone	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
2',4-dihydroxy-3-prenyl-4'-O-prenyl- chalcone	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
2',4-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3-5-bis-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl) chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [42]
2'-carbomethoxy-4,4'-bis-(3-methyl-2-butenyl-oxy) chalcone (sofalcone)	Histamine-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [45]
	Acetic acid-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	20-50 mg/kg	Active [45]
	Histamine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Guinea pig	100.0 mg/kg	Active [45]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [45]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [45]
	Phenylbutazone-induced ulcers/gastric ntubation	Rat	300.0 mg/kg	Active [45]
	Acetic acid-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [44]
	HCl induced gastric lesions/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [46]
	HCl induced gastric lesions/gastric intubation	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [46]
	Pretreatment with indomethacin vs HCl induced gastric lesions/gastric intubation	Rat	300.0 mg/kg	Active [46]
	Pretreatment with indomethacin vs HCl induced gastric lesions/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [46]
	H. pylori induced ulcer/p.o.	Human adult	100.0 mg/kg	Active [49]
2'-hydroxy-4,4'-di-O-prenylchalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
2,4'-di-O-prenylchalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [42]
2,4,4'-trihydroxy-3,3',5'-tris-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-4-O-allyl-4-O-propargyl-chalcone	*/*	Rat	*	Active [69]
3',5'-dihydroxy-4'-prenyl-5-O-prenyl- chalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
3,3',4-trihydroxychalcone	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
3,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone	HCl/ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Inactive [65]
	NaOH-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [65]
4'-hydroxy-3'-prenyl-4-O-prenylchalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
4,4'-di-O-geranyl chalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [42]
4,4'-di-O-prenylchalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-diprenylchalcone	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
4,4'-dimethoxy-3,3'-diprenylchalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
4-hydroxy-3-prenyl-4'-O-prenylchalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [42]
2',4-bis-(carbomethoxy)-4'-(3-carboxy-2-butenyl-oxy) dihydrochalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [70]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [70]
	Histamine-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [70]
2',4-bis-(carboxymethoxy)-4'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl-oxy) dihydrochalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [70]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [70]
	Histamine-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [70]
2'-carboxymethoxy-4-4'-bis-(3-methyl-2-butenyl-oxy) dihydro-chalcone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [70]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [70]
	Histamine-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [70]
Garcinol	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [52]
	Indomethacin-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [52]
Sophoradin	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/p.o.	Rat	*	Active [43]
	Stress-induced ulcers/p.o.	Rat	*	Active [43]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/p.o.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
	Stress-induced ulcers/p.o.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Strong activity [42]
Xanthoangelol E	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [71]
Flavanones
3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy- flavanone	stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/*	Rat	*	Active [72]
2',4',7-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-iso-propenyl-hexyl) flavanone	*/p.o.	Human adult	*	Active [73]
Hesperidin	Cold stress-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [74]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Inactive [74]
Naringenin	Acetic acid-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [62]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Weak active [56]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [56]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers /intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [56]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	ED50 132 mg/kg	Active [75]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	ED50 42.0 mg/kg	Active [75]
	Aspirin-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	*	Active [75]
	Phenylbutazone-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	*	Active [75]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	*	Active [75]
Naringin	Aspirin-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [76]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Inactive [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	400.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Ethanol-induced gastric injury/intragastric	Rat	400.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
Sigmoidin A	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [78]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [78]
Sigmoidin B	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [78]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [78]
Sophoranone	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/p.o.	Rat	*	Active [43]
	Stress-induced ulcers/p.o.	Rat	*	Active [43]
Flavane and Flavanols
(+) catechin	HCl/ethanol-induced stomach ulcers/intragastric	Rat	*	Inactive [79]
	*/pathway oral (p.o.)	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [80]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	49.7 mg/kg	Equivocal [57]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	72.5 mg/kg	Inactive [57]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Mouse	500.0 mg/kg	Weak Active [81]
(dl) catechin	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/subcutaneous (s.c.)	Mouse	300.0 mg/kg	Active [82]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/intragastric	Mouse	300.0 mg/kg	Active [82]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/s.c.	Mouse	300.0 μmol/kg	Active [82]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/intragastric	Mouse	300.0 mg/kg	Active [82]
3-O-methyl: (+) catechin	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/s.c.	Rat	ED50 60.0 mg/kg	Active [83]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/s.c.	Rat	ED50 13.2 mg/kg	Active [83]
	*/s.c.	Rat	*	Active [83]
	Phenylbutazone-induced ulcers/s.c.	Rat	*	Active [83]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/s.c.	Rat	*	Active [83]
	*/*	*	*	Active [84]
(-) Epicatechin	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Mouse	500.0 mg/kg	Weak Active [81]
(+) Cyanidan-3-beta- ol	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/s.c.	Rat	ED50 62 mg/kg	Active [85]
	Restraint-induced ulcers/s.c.	Rat	ED50 18 mg/kg	Active [85]
	Aspirin-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [85]
	Phenylbutazone-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [85]
	Ibuprofen-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [85]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [85]
Leucocyanidin	Aspirin-induced ulcers/*	Rat	5.0 mg/day	Active [50]
	*/intragastric	Rat	*	Active [51]
Flavanolols
Taxifolin	Ethanol induced gastric ulcers/intragastric	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [86]
Taxifolin,(dl)	HCl /ethanol-induced stomach ulcers/intragastric	Rat	* mg/kg	Inactive [79]
Anthocyanidines
Benzopyrylium chloride,1: 3,5,7- trihydroxy-2-(3-4-dihydroxyphenyl)	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	12.5 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Phenylbutazone-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	22.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Indomethacin-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Ethanol induced lesion/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Histamine-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	24.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Cysteamine-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Cysteamine-induced ulcers/intraperitoneal (i.p.)	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
	Acetic acid-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [87]
Flavones
Acacetin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Apigenin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Cynaroside	*/intragastric	Rat	*	* [88]
Dactylin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Inactive [35]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Inactive [35]
Eupatilin	*/ Intragastric	Rat	*	Active [89]
Gnaphaloside A	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Active [36]
Gossypin	*/oral	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [80]
Hyperoside	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Weak activity [35]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Weak activity [35]
Hypolaetin-8-O-beta-d-glucoside	Cold stress-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	ED50 573mg/kg	Active [90]
	Cold stress-induced ulcers/*	*	ED50 57.3mg/kg	Active [91]
	Ethanol-induced gastric lesions/s.c.	Rat	ED50 68.0mg/kg	Active [92]
Kaempferol rhamnoside	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Active [36]
Linarin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Luteolin	*/intragastric	Rat	*	Active [88]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	47.4 mg/kg	Active [57]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	474 mg/kg	Active [57]
Myricetin rhamnoside	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Active [36]
Nobiletin	Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer/intragastric	Rat	ED50 8.0 mg/kg	Active [38]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	ED50 8.0 mg/kg	Active [93]
	Aspirin-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Weak active [93]
	HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcers/intragastric	Rat	25.0 mg/kg	Active [97]
Pectolinarigenin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Pectolinarin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Acetyl pectolinarin	Reserpine-iduced ulcers/gastric itubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Quercetin rhamnoside	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Active [36]
Quercitrin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	50.0 mg/g	Active [57]
Robinin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Inactive [36]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Inactive [36]
Rutin	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Mouse	12.5 mg/kg	Inactive [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	25.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Pretreatment with indomethalin vs ethanol induced-ulcers/intragastric	Rat	25.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [53]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [53]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/ intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [34]
	*/intragastric	Mouse	7.0 mg/kg	Active [95]
	*/intragastric	Mouse	*	Active [96]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Weak activity [35]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Weak activity [35]
Salvigenin	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Inactive [97]
Scoparin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Ternatin	Cold stress-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	25.0 mg/kg	Inactive [98]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	25.0 mg/kg	Inactive [98]
	Indomethacin-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	25.0 mg/kg	Inactive [98]
Vexibinol	HCl-ethanol induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [99]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/intragastric	Rat	10.0 mg/kg	Active [99]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [99]
	Indomethacin-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [99]
	Histamine-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Inactive [99]
	5-Ht-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	300.0 mg/kg	Inactive [99]
	Phenylbutazone induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	300.0 mg/kg	Active [99]
Isoflavones
Genistin	*/intragastric	Rat	*	Active [88]
Flavonols
Kaempferol	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	250.0 mg/kg	Inactive [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [100]
	Cold stress-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [100]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [101]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/i.p.	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [101]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Inactive [35]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric	Mouse	*	Inactive [35]
Myricetin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Active [36]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Active [55]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Active [55]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Active [35]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Active [35]
Patuletin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Patulitrin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Weak active [36]
Phellavin	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Quercetin	Ethanol-induced gastric lesions/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [59]
	Acetic acid-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [62]
	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [56]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [56]
	Pylorus ligation-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [56]
	*/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [58]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	12.5 mg/kg	Inactive [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	25.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Acid-ethanol-induced ulcers/i.p.	Rat	50.0 mg/kg	Active [37]
	Ethanol-induced gastric ulcers/i.p.	Rat	12.5 mg/kg	Active [104]
	*/ intragastric	Mouse	*	Active [96]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [54]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/intragastric	Rat	100.0 mg/kg	Active [54]
	Ethanol-induced ulcers/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Active [60]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/gm	Inactive [36]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	50.0 mg/kg	* [57]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Active [55]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric	Mouse	*	Active [55]
	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Active [35]
	Stress-induced (restraint) ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	*	Active [35]
Quercetin-3'-o-beta-d-glucoside	Reserpine-induced ulcers/gastric intubation	Mouse	0.05 mL/g	Inactive [36]
Biflavonoids
Cinnamtannin B-1	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Mouse	500.0 mg/kg	Inactive [81]
Cinnamtannin D-1	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Mouse	500.0 mg/kg	Inactive [81]
Procyanidin B-1	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Mouse	500.0 mg/kg	Weak activity [81]
Procyanidin B-2	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Mouse	200.0 mg/kg	Active [81]
Procyanidin B-3	HCl/ethanol-induced stomach ulcers/intragastric	Rat	200.0 mg/kg	Inactive [79]
Procyanidin B-4	Stress-induced ulcers (water-immersion)/gastric intubation	Mouse	500.0 mg/kg	Active [81]

* Dates weren’t provided