S-layer glycosylation affects cell length. Box and whisker plots of cell length of Ox247 and S-layer glycosylation mutants are shown. A, Ox247 and mutants. B, Ox247, its orf2 mutant and the orf2 mutant containing pAAM008 expressing WT orf2 gene. Strains were grown overnight in BHI broth, and cell lengths were measured from phase-contrast micrographs of 450 cells per strain, using ImageJ. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference between Ox247 and all mutants (***, p < 0.001). Complementation of the mutants in orf3, orf4, orf16, and orf19 is shown in Fig. S4, A–D. The Ox247 and orf2::erm data points in A are reused in B, because the data were acquired from the same experiment.