Table 3.

Formalisation and autonomy scores for each primary care setting

	Sites abbreviated names	SA	PX-NP	VA	FA-NP	SP	ND-NP	JU-NP	BA	FA-MD	PX-MD	ND-MD	JU-MD	Average	Std-dev
SIZE	Overall organisation size (0–10=1; 10–50=2; +50 =3).	1	3	3	3	2	3	2	2	3	3	3	2	2.5	0.7
	Local care team size (0–5=1; 5–15=2; +15 =3).	1	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	2	2.1	0.7
	Interdependency in daily practice (minimal=1; moderate=2; high=3).	2	1	1	2	3	2	1	2	1	2	2	2	1.8	0.6
	Size score	4	6	6	6	7	7	5	6	7	8	8	6	6.3	1.2
Level of formalisation	Non-physicians’ professional roles are divided according to ‘care modules’ mostly based on disease, for example, diabetes, mental health, (yes=2, to some extent=1, no=0).	0	2	1	2	0	0	2	2	2	2	1	2	1.3	0.9
	There are formal rules that specify which patients will be treated by which professional (yes=2, to some extent=1, no=0).	1	1	2	0	0	1	2	2	0	2	2	2	1.3	0.9
	An EHR (electronic health record) system is used to communicate patient information between professionals within the team (yes=2, EHR exists but is not the main communication tool=1, no=0).	0	0	0	1	1	2	2	0	0	0	2	2	0.8	0.9
	Professionals will have team discussions on complex patients (systematically=2, if needed=1, informal chats only=0).	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	2	1	1	1	1	0.8	0.8
	Collective prescriptions rules are in place to structure non-physicians’ capacity to provide drugs to patients they treat (yes=2, some=1, none=0).	0	0	1	1	2	0	0	0	2	2	1	2	0.9	0.9
	Work within the team is structured according to formal teamlets (yes=2, yes, but with flexibility=1, no=0).	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	2	2	0.6	0.9
	Formalisation score	1	3	4	4	5	6	6	6	6	7	9	11	5.7	2.6
Nurses’ autonomy versus subordination	Nurses and other non-physician professionals are generally involved in significant clinical decisions (yes, all the time=2, sometimes=1, rarely=0).	2	2	0	1	2	2	2	1	1	0	1	1	1.3	0.8
	A physician has to be physically present in the clinic at all times for services to be delivered (no=2, yes, but exceptions apply=1, yes=0).	2	1	1	2	1	0	0	2	2	1	0	0	1.0	0.9
	Nurses can treat and send a patient back home without asking permission from a physician (yes=2, in some circumstances=1, no=0).	2	2	1	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	1.6	0.5
	Nurses and other non-physician professionals are involved in organisational/managerial decisions (yes, all the time=2, sometimes=1, rarely=0).	2	1	0	1	2	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0.8	0.7
	Nurses and other non-physician professionals are involved in supervision and training activities (yes, all the time=2, sometimes=1, rarely=0).	2	1	0	1	2	2	0	1	0	2	1	0	1.0	0.9
	Autonomy score	10	7	2	7	9	7	4	7	4	5	4	2	5.7	2.6