Table 2.
Overall Outcomes of Endoscopic Bilateral Stent-in-Stent Placement Using Large Cell-Type Stents for Inoperable Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction
| Outcomes | Data |
|---|---|
| Technical success | 38/43 (88.4) |
| Technical failure | 5/43 (11.6) |
| Bismuth type II/IIIa/IIIb/IV | 0/2/1/2 |
| Failure in guidewire reinsertion via first stent mesh | 1 |
| Second stent delivery passage failure via first stent mesh | 4 |
| Functional success | 38/43 (88.4) |
| Stent occlusion | 24/38 (63.2) |
| Tumor ingrowth | 17 |
| Tumor ingrowth and overgrowth | 4 |
| Biliary sludge | 3 |
| Overall stent patency | 198 (68–328) |
| Patency rate at 3/6/12 mo, % | 82.9/63.1/32.1 |
| Overall patient survival, day | 300 (144–455) |
| Endoscopic/percutaneous re-intervention, n (%) | 14 (58.3)/10 (41.7) |
Data are presented as number/number (%) or median (interquartile range).