Table 3.
Determinants of grade retention (logistic regression, OR and 95% CI)
| Bivariate | Full model | Parsimonious | |
| Sociodemographic variables | |||
| Being a girl | 0.65 (0.40 to 1.06) | 0.67 (0.37 to 1.21) | |
| Age at survey (vs 13–14) | |||
| ≤12 | 0.56 (0.31 to 1.03) | 0.36 (0.15 to 0.84) | 0.37 (0.16 to 0.84) |
| ≥15 | 1.30 (0.77 to 2.18) | 1.41 (0.73 to 2.72) | 1.54 (0.82 to 2.87) |
| Region of residence (vs North Rhine-Westphalia) | |||
| North-west | 1.04 (0.50 to 2.17) | 1.19 (0.48 to 2.97) | |
| South-west | 0.80 (0.38 to 1.67) | 1.06 (0.41 to 2.76) | |
| Bavaria | 1.07 (0.49 to 2.33) | 1.08 (0.41 to 2.86) | |
| North-east | 0.78 (0.31 to 1.99) | 0.67 (0.19 to 2.41) | |
| Saxony, Thuringia | 0.93 (0.43 to 2.02) | 0.69 (0.25 to 1.90) | |
| Austria, other | 0.86 (0.23 to 3.17) | 0.91 (0.20 to 4.12) | |
| Parental socioeconomic status (vs middle) | |||
| Low | 2.24 (1.34 to 3.73) | 1.97 (1.03 to 3.76) | 1.94 (1.06 to 3.53) |
| High | 0.69 (0.35 to 1.39) | 1.12 (0.44 to 2.87) | 1.11 (0.45 to 2.75) |
| Family situation (vs ‘classic’ family) | |||
| Single parent | 2.92 (1.6 to 5.16) | 1.66 (0.77 to 3.54) | |
| Other or unknown | 1.74 (0.81 to 3.76) | 1.42 (0.55 to 3.65) | |
| Immigration background | 0.43 (0.10 to 1.81) | 0.38 (0.07 to 1.98) | |
| Single child | 0.92 (0.49 to 1.73) | 0.91 (0.41 to 2.05) | |
| School-related variables | |||
| Advanced secondary education | 0.26 (0.15 to 0.46) | 0.28 (0.14 to 0.58) | 0.28 (0.14 to 0.57) |
| Periods off school (vs never or very rarely) | |||
| Occasionally | 1.11 (0.61 to 2.02) | 1.29 (0.59 to 2.83) | 1.41 (0.69 to 2.87) |
| Often | 3.89 (2.00 to 7.54) | 5.04 (2.08 to 12.26) | 3.93 (1.79 to 8.62) |
| Perceived compromised by inflammatory bowel disease at school (vs not compromised) | |||
| Slightly, occasionally | 0.80 (0.47 to 1.35) | 1.22 (0.59 to 2.51) | |
| Substantially, frequently | 1.72 (0.93 to 3.17) | 0.66 (0.28, to1.57) | |
| Health-related variables | |||
| Age diagnosis*disease duration (vs 10+, >2 years duration) | |||
| 0–5 versus 10+ | 1.23 (0.61 to 2.48) | 2.14 (0.78 to 5.85) | 2.13 (0.81 to 5.61) |
| 6–9 versus 10+ | 0.85 (0.47 to 1.53) | 1.46 (0.70 to 3.08) | 1.31 (0.64 to 2.69) |
| 10+,<2 years duration | 0.49 (0.25 to 0.96) | 0.43 (0.18 to 1.01) | 0.52 (0.23 to 1.16) |
| Poor or moderate current health status (vs good health) | 1.08 (0.67 to 1.74) | 0.55 (0.28 to 1.08) | 0.6 (0.32 to 1.11) |
| Active disease course (vs remission during preceding 12 months) | 2.11 (1.26 to 3.53) | 3.18 (1.56 to 6.50) | 2.69 (1.37 to 5.26) |