Table 3. Prevalence of multimorbidity according to independent variables. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), 2015–2016.

Variable	Category	Multimorbidity
		≥ 2		≥ 3
		%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Sex			p < 0.001		p < 0.001
	Male	58.9	56.4–61.5	36.2	33.9–38.5
	Female	75.5	73.4–77.4	56.5	54.3–58.7
Age (years)			p < 0.001		p < 0.001
	50–59	58.8	56.1–61.5	37.1	34.5–39.7
	60–69	73.4	70.7–75.8	51.6	49.1–54.2
	70–79	79.0	75.9–81.7	61.1	57.3–64.7
	80 and over	82.4	78.5–85.7	66.7	62.1–71.0
Race			p = 0.112		p = 0.167
	White	68.5	65.7–71.2	48.4	45.7–51.1
	Black	71.4	65.8–76.4	50.1	44.1–56.1
	Brown	66.2	63.3–69.0	45.3	42.6–47.9
	Yellow/Indigenous	74.1	65.8–80.9	56.7	39.5–53.9
Education level (years of study)			p < 0.001		p < 0.001
	Zero	68.2	64.2–72.0	50.8	46.6–55.0
	1–4	71.9	69.2–74.4	50.4	47.5–53.3
	5–8	66.1	63.3–68.9	45.9	42.8–49.0
	9 or more	63.2	59.8–66.4	41.4	38.6–44.2
Index of goods (quartiles)			p = 0.010		p = 0.012
	1st (lowest)	64.0	61.0–67.0	44.6	41.1–48.1
	2nd	70.4	67.9–72.7	50.5	47.4–53.6
	3rd	69.1	65.3–72.6	48.2	45.2–51.3
	4th (highest)	67.7	64.4–70.9	45.0	41.5–48.5
Smoking			p < 0.001		p < 0.001
	Never smoked	68.4	66.0–70.7	48.2	45.6–50.8
	Current smoker	60.1	56.4–63.6	39.1	35.6–42.7
	Former smoker	70.6	67.9–73.1	49.4	46.7–52.0
Consumption of alcoholic beverages			p < 0.001		p < 0.001
	Never	71.3	69.1–73.4	51.4	49.0–53.8
	< once a month	63.5	57.9–68.8	43.1	38.1–48.3
	≥ once a month	58.5	55.6–61.4	35.3	32.5–38.3
Area of residence			p = 0.040		p = 0.083
	Rural	63.6	59.2–67.8	43.6	39.8–47.6
	Urban	68.8	66.1–70.9	47.7	45.1–50.3
Geopolitical region			p = 0.124		p = 0.130
	North	64.1	55.2–72.1	43.2	36.9–49.7
	Northeast	64.0	61.5–66.5	44.5	31.4–47.7
	Southeast	69.1	65.2–72.6	47.1	43.0–51.3
	South	70.7	65.7–75.2	51.7	48.0–55.3
	Midwest	69.0	63.2–74.2	48.3	42.7–54.0
Household covered by the FHS			p = 0.960		p = 0.639
	No	67.5	64.0–70.8	46.8	43.7–50.0
	Yes	67.9	65.2–70.5	47.0	44.2–49.7
	Does not know/No answer	68.0	62.0–73.4	50.1	44.6–55.5
Total		67.8	65.6–69.9	47.1	44.8–49.4

FHS: Family Health Strategy