Figure 4.

Quaternized chitosan disturbed the surface charge of melanoma cells via electrostatic interaction.

Notes: Melanoma cells were treated with medium control, vemurafenib, quaternized chitosan, or a combination of vemurafenib and quaternized chitosan. The zeta potentials of the cells with or without drug interventions were measured after they were homogeneously suspended in ultrapure water. *P<0.01, compared with the CTRL and V (including 12 and 24 hours) groups. **P<0.05, compared with 12 hours after culture within the QC and V + QC groups.

Abbreviations: CTRL, blank control; QC, quaternized chitosan; V, vemurafenib.