. 2009 Sep 3;14(9):3411–3424. doi: 10.3390/molecules14093411

Table 2.

Oxidation of 1-arylpropenes into corresponding benzaldehydes.

2 (mmol)	KMnO₄ (mmol)	CuSO₄ 5H₂O (mmol)	Method C^a	Method D^a
2 (mmol)	KMnO₄ (mmol)	CuSO₄ 5H₂O (mmol)	Yield^b (Conv.,^b time,^c P^d)	Yield^b (Conv.,^b time,^c temp^f)
2a (1.5)	6	24	52 (60, 8, 240)	50 (57, 60, 90)
2b (1.5)	6	24	70 (86, 7.3, 350)	80 (95, 60, 96)
2c (1.5)	6	24	79 (96, 7.5, 350)	75 (94, 13, 100)
2d (1.5)	6	24	73 (90, 17, 450)	77 (93, 60, 95)
2e’(1.5)	6	24	58 (77, 16, 450)	56 (75, 90, 94)

^a Method C: The reaction was assisted by microwave irradiation; Method D: The reaction was assisted by heating in an oil bath at the appropriate temperature; ^b Yield and Conv. (conversion yield) were determined by GC/MS; ^c time = reaction time in minutes; ^d P = power of microwave oven (W); ^f temp = oil bath temperature (°C)