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. 2018 Nov 7;115(47):E11053–E11060. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1815912115

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Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

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Fig. 4. — The evolution of WCI for biological specificity makes organisms more evolvable. (A) The response time for the organisms to evolve to function properly after a new task is introduced is shown as a function of the number of tasks (or complexity). Results are shown for both the full model and one wherein cooperative interactions between gene products is not allowed. (B) The number of mutations (which includes gene mutation, duplication, and loss) that the average organism needs to acquire to function properly after a new task is introduced is shown as a function of the number of tasks (or complexity). Results are shown for both the full model and one wherein cooperative interactions between gene products is not allowed.