Ectopic expression of short 5΄ETS slows growth of impaired yeast. (A) Deletion schematic of the 35S rDNA from plasmid pNOY373. The 9.1Kb rDNA repeat was cut with restriction enzymes and religated to generate the long, medium and short deletions. The 5΄ and 3΄ UTR is light grey line, the 18S is white box, 5.8S is a grey box, 26S is a dark grey box and the 5S is a black box. The transcriptional starts are noted with arrows and the transcriptional stop is a thick black vertical line. (B) Serial dilution of yeast with rDNA expressed from the plasmid and the short transcripts (the rDNA promoter and 5΄ETS) expressed from high copy plasmid. NOY891 carrying pNOY353 (GAL-35S rDNA) was transformed with an empty plasmid (-), pNOY373 (full) or pNOY373 that had the 18S, 5.8S and 25S deleted (long, medium or short). Yeast were grown to saturation and an equal number of cells diluted ten-fold, spotted onto selective media (YM+AU) containing galactose, and grown for three days. (C) Serial dilution of yeast with rDNA expressed from the plasmid and the short transcripts (medium deletion) expressed from high or low copy plasmid. (D) Wild-type and PSW yeast growth in response to bmh-21 on YPD.