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. 2018 Nov 20;9:2702. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02702

Figure 1.

Figure 1

C57BL/6 and Il9R−/− mice were intravaginally infected with Candida blastoconidia. (A) Il9 expression (RT-PCR) in vaginal cells; (B) fungal burden (Log CFU/100 μl VF); (C) PMN recruitment in VF; (D) cytokine levels (ELISA) in VF; (E) vaginal pathology (periodic acid-Shiff-staining) and immunofluorescence staining with anti-NLRP3 or anti-pNLRC4 antibodies; (F) Il1Ra expression and (G) MC proteases gene expression (RT-PCR) in vaginal cells. C57BL/6 mice were infected and treated intraperitoneally with mAb neutralizing IL-9 or isotype control and assessed for (H) fungal burden (Log CFU/100 μl VF) and PMN recruitment in VF; (I) IL-1β and IL-17A production (ELISA) in VF and (J) vaginal pathology (periodic acid-Shiff-staining). (K) Cytokine production in the VF of healthy women (Ctrl) or patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Data represent pooled results (mean ± SEM) or representative images from three experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, knockout vs. C57BL/6 mice and treated vs. untreated mice. Unpaired t-test, one- or two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test. dpi, days post-infection; VF, vaginal fluid; PMNs, polymorphonuclear cells; ns, not significant.