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. 2018 Nov 20;9:2690. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02690

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Copyright © 2018 Ngo Nyekel, Pacreau, Benadda, Msallam, Åbrink, Pejler, Davoust, Benhamou, Charles, Launay, Blank and Gautier.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Grafting is associated with significant MC dependent cytokine mRNA levels involved in graft rejection, MC activation and neutrophil chemotaxis. Analysis of indicated cytokines and chemokine mRNA levels in nongrafted and grafted ear tissue at day 2 and 6 using qRT-PCR. mRNA levels of chemokines/cytokines and beta actin, respectively, were determined after extraction from ear pairs and the ratio in nongrafted tissue was arbitrarily set to 1 and compared to the ratios obtained in grafted tissues as indicated. Data in (A–C) represent means ± SEM from at least 4 independent experiments (total n = 8 to 10 mice /group. * compares nongraft vs. graft conditions, ^# compares PBS- (+ MC) or DT (- MC) treated mice, ^§ compares sex-matched vs. sex-mismatched conditions using two-way ANOVA using the nonparametric Bonneferoni multiple comparisons test (comparing all the groups).