Table 1.
Functions of DSP-type MAPK phosphatases in plants.
| Regulatory mechanism | Interacting partners | Phosphatase substrates | Predominant subcellular localization | Biological roles | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DsPTP1 | Transcriptional induction by osmotic stress; Catalytic activation by CaM binding in vitro |
MPK4 (in vitro); CaM (in vitro) |
pNPP, pMBP, MPK4 | N.A. | Osmotic stress (−); ABA responses (+) |
Gupta et al., 1998 Yoo et al., 2004 Liu et al., 2015b |
| MKP2 | Catalytic activation by MPK3 and MPK6 in vitro | MPK3 (in vitro, in vivo); MPK6 (in vitro, In vivo) |
OMFP, MPK3, MPK6 | Nucleus (Arabidopsis transgenic plants); Nucleus and cytoplasm (Transient expression in tobacco cells) |
Oxidative stress (+); Pathogen resistance |
Lee and Ellis, 2007 Lumbreras et al., 2010 |
| IBR5 | Alternative splicing | MPK12 (in vitro, in vivo) | OMFP, MPK12 | Nucleus (Arabidopsis transgenic plants driven by CaMV 35S promoter); Nucleus and cytoplasm (Arabidopsis transgenic plants driven by native promoter) |
Auxin responses (+); ABA responses (+) Resistance protein (CHS3, SNC1, RPS4, RPM1) |
Monroe-Augustus et al., 2003 Strader et al., 2008a Strader et al., 2008b Lee et al., 2009 Strader and Bartel, 2009 Jayaweera et al., 2014 Johnson et al., 2015 Liu et al., 2015a |
| OsIBR5 | Transcriptional induction by PEG6000, ABA and H2O2 | SIPK (in vitro); WIPK (in vitro); NTF3 (in vitro); MEK1 (in vitro) |
N.A. | Cytoplasm and nucleus (Transient expression in rice protoplasts) |
Drought/osmotic stress (−) | Li et al., 2012 |
| PHS1 | Transcriptional induction by ABA | MPK12 (in vitro) MPK18 (in vitro, in vivo) |
OMFP, MPK18 | Cytoplasm (Arabidopsis transgenic plants) |
Cortical microtubule organization (+); ABA responses (−); Flowering (+) |
Naoi and Hashimoto, 2004 Quettier et al., 2006 Walia et al., 2009 Pytela et al., 2010; Fujita et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2016 |
| MKP1 | Catalytic activation by phosphorylation; Catalytic activation by CaM binding; Increased protein stability by phosphorylation |
MPK3 (in vitro, in vivo); MPK4 (in vitro) MPK6 (in vitro, in vivo) CaM (in vitro) |
OMFP, MPK6 |
Cytoplasm (Arabidopsis transgenic plants) |
Genotoxic resistance (+); Pathogen resistance (−); Salt resistance (−); Stomata development (+) |
Ulm et al., 2001; Ulm et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2008; Bartels et al., 2009; Anderson et al., 2011; Park et al., 2011; González Besteiro and Ulm, 2013; Anderson et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2017b; Tamnanloo et al., 2018 |
| NtMKP1 | Transcriptional induction by wounding and TMV-induced cell death; Catalytic activation by SIPK |
SIPK (in vitro); CaM (in vitro) |
OMFP, SIPK |
N.A. | Wounding (−); Cell death (−); Pathogen resistance (−) |
Yamakawa et al., 2004; Katou et al., 2005; Oka et al., 2013 |
| TMKP1 | Transcriptional regulation by salt and osmotic stress; Catalytic activation by 14-3-3 protein; Catalytic activation by TMKP3 |
CaM (in vitro); TMPK3 (in vivo); TMPK6 (in vivo) |
OMFP | Nucleus (Transient expression in tobacco cells) |
Salt stress (+) | Zaïdi et al., 2010; Ghorbel et al., 2015; Zaidi et al., 2016; Ghorbel et al., 2017 |
| OsMKP1 | Transcriptional induction by wounding | CaM (in vitro) | N.A. | N.A. | Wounding (−) | Katou et al., 2007 |
NA, not available; −, negative regulator; +, positive regulator; OMFP, 3-O-methylfluorescein; pMBP, phosphorylated myelin basic protein; pNPP, para-nitrophenyl phosphate; TMV, tobacco mosaic virus.