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. 2018 Nov 20;9:2781. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02781

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Copyright © 2018 Kwon, Bae, Kim and Han.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Changes in survival rate of FTG-evolved mutants and their ancestral L. rhamnosus GG strain during frozen preservation at –30°C in MRS with no cryprotectant (A) and in MRS with 0.3 M trehalose as cryprotectant (B). The two evolved mutants designated as LR1 and LR2 are evolved for 150 FTG cycles. Error bars are standard deviation from three replicates.