Figure 8.

In order to discriminate the F_prop or P_prop generated by high-level athletes, the methods accuracy must be better than typical athlete-to-athlete or within-athlete differences. To that end, this figure displays the empirical complementary cumulative distribution function (ECCDF) of typical athlete-to-athlete differences in F_prop measured at the same position along the course (blue line). More specifically, it shows the between-athlete standard deviation of F_prop evaluated at every integer meter along the course, excluding measurements where the athletes were in the tucked position. The red line is the ECCDF of the within-athlete lap-to-lap standard deviation. The solid vertical line at 0.0568 N·kg⁻¹ shows the mean standard deviation of F_prop from the Monte Carlo simulation, which reflects the methods typical accuracy under the specified conditions. For comparison, the dotted vertical line at 0.0385 N·kg⁻¹ shows the mean standard deviation of F_prop from another Monte Carlo simulation assuming zero-wind conditions. With the measured wind conditions, inter-athlete SD was greater than the typical measurement accuracy only for 39.1% of the course, and intra-athlete SD only for 11.9% of the course. Under the zero-wind assumption, the inter- and intra-athlete differences were greater than the measurement accuracy for 79.9 and 29.9% of the course, respectively.