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. 2018 Nov 20;9:1635. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01635

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Relative gene expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) (A), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) (B), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) (C), periostin (POSTN) (D), α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) (E), calponin 1 (CNN1) (F) in valve interstitial cells isolated from healthy valves (n = 6) cultured on collagen or elastin coatings and stimulated by LPS and stretch (Flex), or both. Differences in gene expression between VICs cultured on collagen and elastin coatings are shown in black stars. The effect of stimulations on gene expression is shown in green stars for collagen and in red stars for elastin. * indicates 0.01 < p ≤ 0.05, ** indicates 0.001 < p ≤ 0.01, **** indicates p ≤ 0.0001. Overall p-values from one-way ANOVA or non-parametric analysis are shown in green for collagen and in red for elastin. All data were normalized to control group (Flex-LPS-) equated to 1. Data presented as mean ± SD. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.