Table. Design and outcomes of PPRV transmission trials, Germany*.

Trial no.†	Trial	No. inoculated animals	No. contact controls	Outcomes
				Seroconversion, total no. by species	Excretion of PPRV RNA, total no. by species	Excretion of infectious PPRV, total no. by species	Contact transmission (no. contact-infected/total no. in contact)
1	P-GP	3P‡	2G, 1P‡	3P,‡ 2G	3P,‡ 2G	1P, 2G	Yes (1/2G;§ 1/1P‡)
2	W-GP	4W	2G, 2P	4W	4W	2W	No (0/2G; 0/2P)
3	G-P	2G	2P	2G, 2P	2G, 2P	2G	Yes (2/2P)
4¶	S-S	5S	5S	5S	5S	5S	No (0/5S)

*P, pig; PPRV, small ruminant morbillivirus (formerly called peste des petits ruminants virus); W, wild boar; G, goat; GP, goats and pigs; S, sheep.
†For trials 1–3, animals were experimentally infected by intranasal inoculation with PPRV strain Kurdistan/2011 for independent transmission trials conducted in the containment facility of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Isle of Riems, Germany. Contact control animals were added 2 d after experimental infection. In 2 of the trials, PPRV transmission was documented from pigs to 1 goat and 1 pig (trial 1) and from goats to 2 pigs (trial 3). Infectious PPRV excretion was detected in >1 animal of each species, and PPRV RNA and seroconversion were detected in all experimentally infected or contact-infected animals (further details in Technical Appendix Figure 1). For trial 4, a 1-to-1 (pairwise) study design was chosen to estimate the reproductive ratio. The results of the sheep trial are presented in this study to enable comprehensive comparison with the PPRV pathogenesis in suids.
‡One of 3 pigs was probably not infected by experimental intranasal PPRV inoculation but by contact infection. 
§One contact goat was infected by pigs; however the source of infection (goat or pig) cannot be determined for the second contact goat.
¶In each of 5 stables, 2 sheep were kept together: 1 experimentally infected sheep and 1 contact control sheep.