FIG 4.

Effect of tazarotene treatment on cellular gene expression. (A) PHH cells infected with HBV were transfected with 0.5 µg/ml pppRNA or treated with 100 ng/ml pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN) or 10 μM tazarotene for 24 h and 48 h. The cells were then extracted for Western blot analysis. (B) ISGs were measured by QGP after 24 h stimulation by tazarotene, pppRNA, or PEG-IFN. (C) Heatmap analysis of cellular gene expression regulated by tazarotene treatment (48 h) compared to the mock-treated cells. The samples were triplicated (labeled 1, 2, and 3). (D) The PHH cells treated with tazarotene for the indicated times were extracted for analyzing the expression of RARα, RARβ, and RARγ at the mRNA level. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test and are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.