Table 2.
Baseline hormone and metabolic characteristics in normal-weight (NW) and obese (OB) subjects as whole study group and after stratification in the premenopausal (Pre) and postmenopausal (Post) subpopulations
| Parameters | Normal-weight women (N = 53) |
Obese women (N = 56) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| whole | menopause status |
whole | menopause status |
||||||
| Pre (n = 27) | Post (n = 26) | P | Pre (n = 28) | Post (n = 28) | P | ||||
| Oxytocin, ng/ml | 2.03 ± 2.09 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | <0.05 | 0.85 ± 1.22§ | 1.31 ± 1.5§ | 0.4 ± 0.6§ | 0.005 | |
| Leptin, ng/ml | 19 ± 11.5 | 21.5 ± 11.7 | 16.5 ± 10.9 | ns | 77.10 ± 25.8§ | 75.5 ± 21.8§ | 78.8 ± 29.7§ | ns | |
| Adiponectin, µg/ml | 19.6 ± 9.5 | 17.4 ± 9.0 | 21.8 ± 9.7 | ns | 9.6 ± 4.5§ | 8.11 ± 3§ | 11.2 ± 5.3§ | 0.01 | |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 88.2 ± 10.2 | 88.59 ± 11.5 | 87.88 ± 8.8 | ns | 106.9 ± 25.5§ | 102 ± 16* | 111.9 ± 32* | ns | |
| Insulin, mU/l | 7.7 ± 4.3 | 8.3 ± 4.8 | 7.1 ± 3.7 | ns | 14.4 ± 8.4§ | 14.8 ± 8.4* | 14.1 ± 8.5* | ns | |
| HOMA-IR | 1.71 ± 1.1 | 1.86 ± 1.3 | 1.56 ± 0.88 | ns | 3.82 ± 2.3§ | 3.8 ± 2.4§ | 3.8 ± 2.3§ | ns | |
| HbA1c, % | 5.35 ± 0.25 | 5.34 ± 0.26 | 5.37 ± 0.24 | ns | 6.26 ± 1.03§ | 6.1 ± 0.5§ | 6.5 ± 1.4§ | ns | |
| TC, mg/dl | 210 ± 35 | 206 ± 37 | 214 ± 29.7 | ns | 205 ± 38 | 211 ± 39.6 | 199 ± 37.6 | ns | |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 68 ± 171 | 65 ± 16.5 | 71.7 ± 17.4 | ns | 41.7 ± 8.8§ | 41 ± 9.3§ | 42.5 ± 8.4§ | ns | |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 130.7 ± 31.8 | 130.6 ± 34.7 | 131 ± 29.4 | ns | 132.5 ± 35.5 | 139.2 ± 36.1 | 126 ± 34.3 | ns | |
| TGL, mg/dl | 92.3 ± 43.2 | 90.7 ± 46 | 94 ± 41 | ns | 150.5 ± 61.7§ | 151.5 ± 69.8§ | 149.7 ± 54* | ns | |
| FSH, U/l | 54.8 ± 43.7 | 21.48 ± 30.5 | 89.5 ± 23.9 | <0.001 | 26.5 ± 25.6§ | 6.5 ± 5.4* | 45.7 ± 22.3§ | <0.001 | |
| LH, U/l | 28.6 ± 20.5 | 14.1 ± 14.9 | 43.8 ± 13.1 | <0.001 | 16.1 ± 13.4§ | 5.04 ± 4.3* | 25.9 ± 10.7§ | <0.001 | |
| PRL, µg/l | 14.7 ± 8.7 | 18.2 ± 10.2 | 11.2 ± 4.9 | 0.003 | 17.5 ± 10.8 | 21.5 ± 11.3 | 13.4 ± 8.8 | 0.005 | |
| E2, ng/l | 66.5 ± 58.2 | 101.4 ± 62.9 | 28.9 ± 8.1 | <0.001 | 76.8 ± 67.5 | 110.2 ± 80 | 40.2 ± 12.3§ | <0.001 | |
| Testosterone, nmol/l | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | ns | 1.2 ± 0.6§ | 1.1 ± 0.5* | 1.2 ± 0.6 | ns | |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). For statistical significance: ns = not significant
*
p < 0.05
§
p < 0.001 between normal-weight and obese groups.
HOMA-IR = Homeostatic model of insulin resistance; TC = total cholesterol; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; FSH = follicle stimulating hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; PRL = prolactin; E2 = total estradiol.