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. 2018 Aug 2;84(Suppl 1):18–29. doi: 10.1038/s41390-018-0079-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler velocity measurement from a term neonate, from the right lateral atrioventricular plane from the apical four-chamber view. The ultrasound system records the velocities from the area between the two calipers (the two white solid lines in the upper left panel). The dotted line denotes the direction of the ultrasound beams assessing the velocities. (Upper left panel) a Color-coded tissue Doppler image. (Upper right panel) b Spectral velocity time curve of three heart cycles, with relatively high gain setting. The upper panels (a and b) show a relatively poor image quality (blurred 2D image (a) and a broad spectral velocity–time curve (b). The lower panel c shows a velocity curve with narrower spectral curve, indicating better quality. X-axis: time. Y-axis: tissue velocity from the sample area. White arrows at the peak systolic velocities (s′), red arrows at the early diastolic velocities (e′), and green arrows at the peak velocity in atrial systole (a′)