Table 2.
Peak systolic (s′), early diastolic (e′), and late diastolic (a′) velocities and displacement of the AV-valve plane in premature and mature neonates. Pulsed-wave (pwTDI) and color-coded tissue Doppler (cTDI) indices (mean (standard deviation)). GA: Gestational age
| Reference and TDI mode | Index | Location | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left lateral | Septum | Right lateral | ||
| Lee et al.38 cTDI | ||||
| GA < 28 weeks First 24 h |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 1.8 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.9) | |
| Diastolic peak (cm/s) | 2.3 (1.1) | 4.1 (1.6) | ||
| Displacement (mm) | 1.9 (0.9) | 3.3 (1.2) | ||
| Joshi et al.12 cTDI | ||||
| Premature (≤34 weeks) and mature (≥38 weeks) Within first 72 h |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.9 (0.9) | 4.4 (1.1) |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 4.9 (2.4) | 4.7 (2.3) | 6.2 (2.7) | |
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 2.9 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.1) | 5.8 (1.3) | |
| Displacement (mm) | 3.9 (1.7) | 4.7 (1.2) | 7.5 (1.9) | |
| Saleemi et al.53 pwTDI | ||||
| GA 24–27 weeks 48 h of age |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 3.5 (1.0) | ||
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 3.8 (0.9) | |||
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 4.3 (1.0) | |||
| GA 28–31 weeks 48 h of age |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 3.8 (0.8) | ||
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 3.9 (1.0) | |||
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 4.2 (0.7) | |||
| GA 32–35 weeks 48 h of age |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 4.7 (1.2) | ||
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 4.8 (1.2) | |||
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 5.2 (0.9) | |||
| Breatnach et al.55 | ||||
| GA < 29 weeks First 24 h (see paper for further time points) |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.4 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.9) |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 3.6 (1.4) | 2.8 (0.8) | 3.9 (1.3) | |
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 4.0 (1.5) | 3.9 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.1) | |
| Ciccone et al.54 pwTDI | ||||
| GA 31–36 weeks Days 3–4 |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 5.4 (0.8) | 4.5 (1.4) | 5.5 (0.9) |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 7.6 (1.2) | 2.7 (0.7) | 6.2 (1.3) | |
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 7.5 (1.3) | 6.5 (0.7) | 9.4 (1.1) | |
| GA 37–41 weeks Day 3–4 |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 5.6 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.4) | 6.1 (0.9) |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 7.9 (1.2) | 6.1 (0.8) | 7.9 (1.1) | |
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 7.5 (1.3) | 6.7 (0.8) | 9.5 (1.1) | |
| Negrine et al.51 pwTDI | ||||
| GA < 30 weeks First 24 h |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 3.7 (0.6) | 5.0 (0.6) | |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 4.2 (0.8) | 4.2 (1.1) | ||
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 5.4 (2.2) | 7.3 (1.1) | ||
| GA 30–36 weeks First 24 h |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 4.3 (0.7) | 5.9 (0.9) | |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 5.7 (1.4) | 6.2 (1.0) | ||
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 6.0 (1.9) | 7.7 (1.8) | ||
| Term First 24 h |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 5.3 (1.0) | 6.9 (1.2) | |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 6.4 (1.2) | 7.3 (1.1) | ||
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 7.1 (1.8) | 8.1 (1.6) | ||
| Mori et al.32 pwTDI | ||||
| Term First 24 h |
Systolic peak (s′) (cm/s) | 5.3 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.6) | 6.2 (1.1) |
| Early diastolic peak (e′) (cm/s) | 7.5 (1.5) | 5.0 (1.0) | 7.5 (1.4) | |
| Late diastolic peak (a′) (cm/s) | 6.2 (1.4) | 4.9 (1.0) | 9.2 (1.6) | |