Humphreys 2000.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT. 4 arms. Assessed at pretreatment, post‐treatment
Participants	End of treatment: n = 61 Start of treatment: n = 64 Sex: 38 F, 26 M Mean age = 9.8 years (SD 2.5) Source = advertisement and physician referral Diagnosis = recurrent abdominal pain Mean years of pain = none given
Interventions	"CBT + biofeedback + parental support + fibre" "CBT + biofeedback + fibre" "Biofeedback + fibre" "Fibre"
Outcomes	Primary pain outcome: pain diary Primary disability outcome: school attendance Primary depression outcome: none Primary anxiety outcome: none Child pain diary Parental observation record Healthcare utilisation record Medical record School attendance
Notes	COI: none stated.Funding: none stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"Patients were randomly assigned to one of the four groups" Comment: probably done, method not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No description found in text Comment: probably not done
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No description found in text Comment: probably not done
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Attrition not described; significant differences between completers and non‐completers not reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Data fully reported