Table 4*.

Univariable analysis of baseline factors associated with progression of carotid atherosclerosis and clinical cardiovascular events (CVEs)

Baseline factors	Plaque progression		CIMT progression		CVEs
	Age-adjusted OR	95% CI	Age-adjusted β (SE)	P values	Age-adjusted OR	95% CI
Prior CVEs	1.63	0.145 to 18.27	0.0059 (0.0035)	0.69	4.89	1.15 to 20.65
Disease duration (years)*	1.00	0.95 to 1.05	−0.08090 (0.00009)	0.39	1.04	0.97 to 1.09
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)*	0.90	0.617 to 1.31	−0.19442 (0.0008)	0.03	0.93	0.51 to 1.6
Hypercholesterolemia	4.31	0.86 to 21.59	0.07482 (0.00283)	0.46	1.48	0.22 to 5.86
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)*	0.93	0.58 to 1.60	−0.07829 (2.9×10−4)	0.41	0.61	0.28 to 1.34
Triglycerides (mmol/L)*	1.25	0.61 to 2.55	−0.06203 (2.0×10−4)	0.18	2.92	1.3 to 6.46
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)*	1.01	0.99 to 1.05	−0.17274 (0.00005)	0.06	1.038	0.96 to 1.12
Hypertension	1.12	0.43 to 3.23	−0.04238 (0.00203)	0.53	6.19	1.5 to 25.47
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)*	0.72	0.30 to 1.70	−0.10982 (0.00125)	0.19	1.00
Type 2 diabetes	0.63	0.03 to 13.77	−0.01446 (0.00754)	0.10	No events in diabetic group	NA
Smoking ever	1.67	0.0.68 to 3.89	0.05302 (0.00191)	0.55	0.64	0.18 to 2.24
Family history of CHD	0.45	0.17 to 1.18	−0.07237 (0.00215)	0.39	1.27	0.34 to 4.7
Body Mass Index*	1.02	0.96 to 1.11	−0.11030 (0.00017)	0.26	1.01	0.93 to 1.14
Metabolic syndrome	1.51	0.53 to 4.30	0.17552 (0.00224)	0.05	2.29	0.67 to 7.77
Renal disease	0.63	0.165 to 2.30	0.06337 (0.00156)	0.52	1.83	0.85 to 3.92
Creatinine (mmol/L)*	0.99	0.99 to 1.00	0.00325 (0.00002)	0.96	0.99	0.99 to 1.00
Prior venous thromboembolism	1.73	0.62 to 4.85	−0.00251 (0.00291)	1.21	4.16	1.08 to 15.9
SDI*	1.28	0.89 to 1.85	−0.18343 (0.00080)	0.04	1.77	1.21 to 19.2
SLEDAI*	0.94	0.77 to 1.14	0.06239 (0.00040)	0.24	1.77	1.15 to 2.62
C3*	1.44	0.0.32 to 6.51	−0.03074 (0.00351)	0.74	2.27	0.23 to 22
C4*	1.02	0.00 to 799.6	−0.17369 (0.00026)	0.05	1.74	0.5 to 5.95
Ro positive	0.31	0.11 to 0.86	−0.004072 (0.00221)	0.92	1.16	0.34 to 3.98
La positive	0.45	0.13 to 1.57	0.04982 (0.00276)	0.61	1.40	0.34 to 5.88
RNP positive	0.50	0.14 to 2.17	0.05530 (0.00310)	0.46	0.63	0.07 to 5.49
Anticardiolipin antibody positive	3.64	1.27 to 10.40	−0.08619 (0.00206)	0.45	1.46	0.23 to 4.99
Lupus anticoagulant positive	0.93	0.36 to 2.41	−0.002 (1.191)	0.41	2.11	0.35 to 12.44
Antimalarial use	0.37	0.09 to 1.53	−0.12049 (0.00274)	0.19	No events is non-use group
Antiplatelet use	0.60	0.23 to 1.59	−0.02194 (0.00208)	0.76	0.97	0.30 to 3.06
Statin use	7.39	0.86 to 63.28	0.05112 (0.00310)	0.76	1.83	0.52 to 6.48
Steroid exposure ever	1.14	0.42 to 3.06	−0.04302 (0.00227)	0.76	1.36	0.35 to 8.2
Average steroid dose (mg)*	1.03	0.95 to 1.12	0.10877 (0.00017)	0.21	1.14	1.03 to 1.26
Total steroid dose (mg)*	1.00	0.99 to 1.00	−0.00175 (1.1×10−4)	0.98	0.99	0.99 to 1.00
Cyclophosphamide ever	1.93	0.44 to 8.43	−0.00134 (0.00319)	0.674	4.2*	1.77 to 35
Azathioprine ever	1.10	0.394 to 3.12	−0.00384 (0.00204)	0.065	3.30	0.94 to 11.58
Framingham-based 5-year CVD % risk (only patients with no prior CVD)*	1.47	1.12 to 1.93	−0.000464 (0.00034)	0.262	1.09	0.88 to 1.35

Items in bold denote significant results on univariate or age-adjusted analyses

Denotes baseline factors analysed as continuous variables.

CHD, coronary heart disease; CIMT, carotid intima–media thickness; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NA, not applicable; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.