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. 2010 Aug 13;15(8):5581–5594. doi: 10.3390/molecules15085581

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© 2010 by the authors;

licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an Open Access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Scheme 3 — Summary of known and hypothesized routes for enzymatic formation of lanthionine ketimine, via either the transsulfuration and aminotransferase pathways, or through a hypothetical glutathione-lanthionine (gLan) intermediate. As of the publication of this review, gLan has not been found naturally in biological tissues. The involvement of LanCL proteins in gLan synthesis is theoretically possible. If gLan is formed in vivo, Lan would be expected to form upon exposure to ambient γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) and carboxypeptidase. Lanthionine conversion to LK then could occur through GTK. Dha = dehydroalanine.