Figure 5. Significant correlations between the orientation of the covariation plane and the phase shifts between elevation angles.
(A) Relationships between Δfoot-shank, Δupper arm-scapula (the differences between the timing of minima of elevation angles) and orientation of the u3 vector (α angle in Figure 4). Linear regressions are also displayed with corresponding r2 and p-values. On the bottom of panel A: examples of the limb segment elevation angles for HL of avocet and elephant, and FL of tiger. The sequence of minima is indicated by arrows. The leading segment, which corresponds to the first minimum and initiates the swing phase (green arrow) is highlighted by dotted lines in the stick diagrams. (B) Timing of minima (±SD) of the limb segment elevation angles of HL and FL of all animals expressed in percent of gait cycle. Source files are available in the SourceData5-Figure5.zip file.