Figure 3.

BMP7 activates Smad and MAPK pathways in CD105⁺ hDDFCs cells. CD105⁺ hDDFCs or BMP7-expressing adenovirus-infected CD105⁺ hDDFCs were treated with BM or OM, and the phosphorylation of (A) Smad- and (B) MAPK-related proteins was analyzed by western blot analysis following 24 h of culture. Densitometric quantification of the immunoblot normalized to total protein. ^*P<0.05, vs. BM; ^#P<0.05, vs. OM+Ad-LacZ. hDDFCs, human dermal-derived fibroblast cells; BMP7, bone morphogenetic protein 7; BM, basal medium; OM, osteogenic medium; Smad, small mothers against decapentaplegic; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; p-, phosphorylated.