SMAD4 knockdown attenuates the BMP7-induced promotion of CD105+ hDDFCs osteogenic differentiation. (A) Recombinant adenovirus-infected CD105+ hDDFCs transfected with siRNA for Smad4 or control were subjected to western blot analysis for the detection of Smad/p-Smad and osteogenesis- associated gene expression 7 days following osteogenic induction. Densitometric quantification of p-Smad was normalized to total Smad; densitometric quantification of other proteins was normalized to GAPDH. *P<0.05, vs. Ad-LacZ; #P<0.05, vs. Ad-BMP7+siR-Scr. Osteogenic differentiation of CD105+ hDDFCs infected with or without recombinant adenovirus in presence of osteogenic medium was determined by (B) Alizarin Red S and ALP staining and an (C) ALP activity assay 7 or 21 days following osteogenic induction. Scale bar=200 µm. *P<0.05. hDDFCs, human dermal-derived fibroblast cells; Smad, small mothers against decapentaplegic; siR, small interfering RNA; Scr, scramble; BMP7, bone morphogenetic protein 7; RUNX2, runt related transcription factor 2; OSX, osterix; OCN, osteocalcin; OPN, osteopontin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; p-, phosphorylated.