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. 2018 Oct 23;43(1):336–344. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3948

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Copyright: © Zhang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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(A) H&E staining for histological evaluation in synovium, and (B) synovitis score. Images were captured at ×40 magnification, and local magnification of a selected square at ×200 was applied. Differences in synovitis score in the control vs. OA, control vs. OAE and OA vs. OAE groups were statistically significant (n=5). (C) ELISA of IL-1β and IL-4 levels in the serum and IALF. Treadmill exercise reduced the increase in IL-1β and reversed the decrease in IL-4 caused by monosodium iodoacetate injection, in the serum and IALF (n=10). Results are expressed as the mean and 95% confidence interval (one-way analysis of variance). ⁺P<0.05 vs. OA group; ^***P<0.001 vs. control group. OA, osteoarthritis; OAE, OA with treadmill exercise; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; IALF, intra-articular lavage fluid; IL, interleukin.