Table 3. Trends in Percentage of US Adults Having Poor, Intermediate, and Ideal Diet by SNAP Participation Status, 2003-2014a.
| Diet Scores | Weighted Survey Results, % (95% CI) | P Value for Trend | Change in % From 2003-2004 to 2013-2014 (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-2004 (n = 4066) | 2005-2006 (n = 4030) | 2007-2008 (n = 4654) | 2009-2010 (n = 4996) | 2011-2012 (n = 4288) | 2013-2014 (n = 4437) | |||
| Poor Diet (AHA Diet Score <32.0) | ||||||||
| SNAP participants | 53.9 (43.8-63.8) | 55.6 (46.0-64.8) | 56.8 (50.8-62.6) | 47.7 (42.4-53.0) | 45.4 (41.1-49.6) | 53.5 (46.9-59.9) | .26 | −0.5 (−12.4 to 11.4) |
| Income-eligible nonparticipants | 42.9 (38.2-47.6) | 39.4 (32.3-46.9) | 41.9 (34.5-49.8) | 37.7 (32.8-43.0) | 37.2 (31.4-43.5) | 38.0 (33.2-43.0) | .13 | −4.9 (−11.6 to 1.9) |
| Higher-income individuals | 39.5 (35.9-43.3) | 39.6 (35.8-43.6) | 36.7 (31.9-41.7) | 32.5 (30.0-35.1) | 27.4 (24.2-30.9) | 28.7 (26.4-31.1) | <.001 | −10.8 (−15.2 to −6.5) |
| P value for interaction | .006b | .06c | ||||||
| Intermediate Diet (AHA Diet Score = 32.0-63.9) | ||||||||
| SNAP participants | 45.7 (35.9-55.8) | 44.1 (34.9-53.7) | 42.9 (37.1-49.0) | 51.7 (46.7-56.7) | 53.7 (49.6-57.8) | 45.3 (39.0-51.7) | .35 | −0.4 (−12.2 to 11.3) |
| Income-eligible nonparticipants | 56.3 (51.5-61.0) | 60.5 (53.0-67.6) | 55.9 (49.1-62.6) | 61.1 (56.1-65.8) | 62.0 (56.0-67.6) | 59.8 (54.8-64.6) | .23 | 3.5 (−3.3 to 10.3) |
| Higher-income individuals | 59.1 (55.4-62.7) | 58.6 (54.7-62.3) | 61.9 (57.0-66.7) | 65.0 (62.4-67.5) | 70.1 (67.0-72.9) | 68.7 (66.3-71.0) | <.001 | 9.6 (5.3-13.9) |
| P value for interaction | .008b | .05c | ||||||
| Ideal Diet (AHA Diet Score ≥64.0) | ||||||||
| SNAP participants | 0.3 (0-2.2) | 0.3 (0-2.1) | 0.3 (0.1-0.9) | 0.6 (0.2-1.8) | 0.9 (0.5-1.7) | 1.3 (0.5-3.3) | .07 | 0.9 (−0.4 to 2.3) |
| Income-eligible nonparticipants | 0.8 (0.3-2.7) | 0.1 (0-0.4) | 2.1 (0.9-4.9) | 1.2 (0.5-3.0) | 0.8 (0.3-1.7) | 2.2 (1.1-4.4) | .11 | 1.4 (−0.4 to 3.2) |
| Higher-income individuals | 1.4 (0.8-2.3) | 1.8 (1.1-2.8) | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 2.5 (1.8-3.5) | 2.5 (1.6-3.9) | 2.6 (2.0-3.4) | .01 | 1.2 (0.3-2.2) |
| P value for interaction | .38b | .61c | ||||||
Abbreviations: AHA, American Heart Association; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
For each continuous score, cut points were defined to correspond to the AHA binary dietary component scoring system. A poor diet was defined as being less than 40% adherence (<32 points). An intermediate diet was defined as adherence to 40% to 79.9% (32.0-63.9 points). An ideal diet was defined as 80% adherence or greater (≥64 points).
P value for interaction for potential heterogeneous trends in percentage of respondents having ideal, intermediate, and poor diet by SNAP participation status.
P value for interaction for potential heterogeneous changes in percentage of respondents having ideal, intermediate, and poor diet by SNAP participation status.