TABLE 1.
Descriptive sample statistics and use of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs
| Characteristics | Total sample | Exposed to e-cigarette advertisements | Crude OR of e-cigarette advertisement exposure | |
| No (0=ref) | Yes (1) | |||
| Respondents | 6902 (100) | 4193 (61.2) | 2529 (38.8) | |
| Mean±sd age years | 13.1±1.85 | 12.9±1.86 | 13.3±1.80 | 1.1 (1.1–1.2)*** |
| Sex | ||||
| Female (0) | 3356 (48.7) | 2159 (50.2) | 1194 (46.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3)*** |
| Male (1) | 3533 (51.3) | 2138 (49.8) | 1388 (53.8) | |
| School type | ||||
| High academic level (0) | 3541 (51.3) | 2313 (53.7) | 1221 (47.2) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4)*** |
| Lower academic level (1) | 3361 (48.7) | 1992 (46.3) | 1366 (52.8) | |
| Migration background | ||||
| No (0) | 5605 (81.3) | 3547 (82.5) | 2054 (79.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4)** |
| Yes (1) | 1288 (18.7) | 745 (17.5) | 528 (20.5) | |
| Socioeconomic status# | ||||
| Low (0) | 1307 (19.3) | 823 (19.5) | 484 (19.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) |
| Medium (1) | 3568 (52.6) | 2225 (52.6) | 1338 (52.6) | |
| High (2) | 1908 (28.1) | 1183 (28.0) | 721 (28.4) | |
| Sensation seeking¶ | ||||
| Low (0) | 4046 (58.9) | 2739 (63.9) | 1304 (50.6) | 1.7 (1.6–1.9)*** |
| High (1) | 2828 (41.1) | 1551 (36.2) | 1272 (49.4) | |
| Consumer susceptibility to interpersonal influence¶ | ||||
| Low (0) | 3442 (50.5) | 2295 (54.0) | 1143 (44.6) | 1.5 (1.3–1.6)*** |
| High (1) | 3377 (49.5) | 1956 (46.0) | 1420 (55.4) | |
| Substance use+ | ||||
| Ever e-cigarette use | ||||
| Yes (1) | 1307 (21.7) | 597 (15.9) | 709 (31.0) | 2.4 (2.1–2.7)*** |
| No (0) | 5536 (78.3) | 3679 (84.1) | 1851 (69.0) | |
| Current e-cigarette use | ||||
| Yes (1) | 223 (3.9) | 69 (1.9) | 154 (7.1) | 4.0 (2.9–5.5)*** |
| No (0) | 6628 (96.1) | 4210 (98.1) | 2411 (92.9) | |
| Ever cigarette smoking | ||||
| Yes (1) | 1351 (21.8) | 655 (17.1) | 694 (29.3) | 2.0 (1.7–2.3)*** |
| No (0) | 5499 (78.2) | 3623 (82.9) | 1870 (70.7) | |
| Current cigarette smoking | ||||
| Yes (1) | 375 (6.0) | 162 (4.2) | 213 (8.8) | 2.2 (1.8–2.8)*** |
| No (0) | 6475 (94.0) | 4116 (95.8) | 2351 (91.2) | |
| Ever hookah smoking | ||||
| Yes (1) | 1388 (23.2) | 644 (17.3) | 743 (32.6) | 2.3 (2.0–2.6)*** |
| No (0) | 5450 (76.8) | 3629 (82.7) | 1814 (67.4) | |
| Current hookah smoking | ||||
| Yes (1) | 344 (6.1) | 141 (4.2) | 202 (9.2) | 2.3 (1.8–3.0)*** |
| No (0) | 6499 (93.9) | 4135 (95.8) | 2357 (90.8) | |
| Ever dual-use e-cigarette/cigarette | ||||
| Yes (1) | 874 (14.6) | 381 (10.3) | 493 (21.4) | 2.4 (2.0–2.8)*** |
| No (0) | 5924 (85.4) | 3870 (89.7) | 2074 (78.6) | |
| Current dual-use e-cigarette/cigarette | ||||
| Yes (1) | 94 (1.5) | 26 (0.6) | 68 (3.0) | 4.9 (3.0–8.0)*** |
| No (0) | 6710 (98.5) | 4227 (99.4) | 2476 (97.0) | |
| Ever dual-use e-cigarette/hookah | ||||
| Yes (1) | 988 (16.9) | 427 (11.7) | 560 (25.3) | 2.6 (2.2–3.0)*** |
| No (0) | 5799 (83.1) | 3820 (88.3) | 1973 (74.7) | |
| Current dual-use e-cigarette/hookah | ||||
| Yes (1) | 138 (2.5) | 42 (1.2) | 96 (4.6) | 3.9 (2.6–5.8)*** |
| No (0) | 6660 (97.5) | 4210 (98.8) | 2443 (95.4) | |
| Ever dual-use cigarette/hookah | ||||
| Yes (1) | 890 (14.9) | 395 (10.9) | 495 (21.4) | 2.2 (1.9–2.6)*** |
| No (0) | 5933 (85.1) | 3868 (89.1) | 2057 (78.6) | |
| Current dual-use cigarette/hookah | ||||
| Yes (1) | 115 (2.0) | 38 (1.1) | 77 (3.3) | 3.2 (2.0–5.1)*** |
| No (0) | 6714 (98.0) | 4229 (98.9) | 2477 (96.7) | |
| Ever poly-use e-cigarettes/cigarette/hookah | ||||
| Yes (1) | 725 (12.4) | 304 (8.5) | 421 (18.6) | 2.5 (2.1–2.9)*** |
| No (0) | 6049 (87.6) | 3934 (91.5) | 2108 (81.4) | |
| Current poly-use e-cigarettes/cigarette/hookah | ||||
| Yes (1) | 62 (1.0) | 15 (0.4) | 47 (2.1) | 5.3 (2.8–10.0)*** |
| No (0) | 6722 (99.0) | 4288 (99.6) | 2487 (97.9) | |
Data are presented as n (%) or OR (95% CI), unless otherwise stated. Differences in sample size (total sample versus exposure to e-cigarette advertisements) are based on missing data. ref: reference. #: tertile split; ¶: median split; +: substance use data were weighted to census data (age, sex, migration background, school type) to consider disproportion of selected sample; census data were obtained from the German Federal Office of Statistics. **: p≤0.01; ***: p≤0.001.