Table 3.
Logistic regression analyses comparing proportions of non-overweight and overweight women who gave formula milk in response to self-reported breastfeeding problems in the first month postpartum
| Breastfeeding Problem | Total | Non-overweight | Overweight | Unadjusted | Adjusted b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of women reporting problem who gave formula in response (n/total) a | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Sore or cracked nipples | 10 (28/283) | 11 (22/197) | 7 (6/86) | .28 | 0.47 (0.16, 1.36) | .17 |
| Latching or attachment | 17 (42/245) | 14 (23/169) | 25 (19/76) | .029 | 1.64 (0.76, 3.54) | .21 |
| Difficulties positioning | 12 (20/172) | 10 (11/115) | 16 (9/57) | .23 | 1.66 (0.54, 5.13) | .38 |
| Too much milk | 3 (4/121) | 2 (2/86) | 6 (2/35) | – | – | – |
| Not enough milk | 71 (81/114) | 70 (47/67) | 72 (34/47) | .80 | 0.72 (0.28, 1.83) | .49 |
| Delay in milk coming in | 51 (50/99) | 48 (29/61) | 55 (21/38) | .46 | 1.35 (0.51, 3.62) | .55 |
| Mastitis | 16 (11/71) | 17 (8/48) | 13 (3/23) | – | – | – |
| Baby refused breast | 37 (18/49) | 30 (9/30) | 47 (9/19) | .22 | 1.67 (0.36, 7.77) | .52 |
| Baby tongue tie | 22 (8/36) | 23 (5/22) | 21 (3/14) | – | – | – |
| Other b | 33 (14/42) | 22 (6/27) | 53 (8/15) | .04 | 12.68 (1.46, 109.93) | .021 |
Non-overweight: BMI < 25 kg/m2; Overweight: BMI ≥25 kg/m2
n.b. Analyses based on participants who reported each specified breastfeeding problem (n values given in table); breastfeeding problems are not mutually exclusive; logistic regression analysis not conducted if < 5 cases in either weight status group who reported giving formula in response to a breastfeeding problem
aBased only on those participants who reported that they experienced the specified problem
bAdjusted for maternal age, education, parity, birth country, family health care card and mode of delivery. N value for adjusted analyses ~ 7% lower than unadjusted analyses due to some missing data on covariates