Table 2.

Pain visual analogue scale scores at different stages

	Group
Stage	TENS 1	TENS 2	TENS placebo
Baseline	7.0 ± 1.5	8.1 ± 1.2	6.6 ± 1.7
10 min	6.2 ± 1.4	6.2 ± 2.0	8.3 ± 1.2
30 min	6.3 ± 1.7	5.9 ± 1.9	8.8 ± 1.1
		Difference (95% CI)	p*
Baseline
TENS 1-TENS 2		−1.0 (− 2.2 to 0.1)	0.079
TENS 1-Placebo		0.4 (− 0.7 to 1.6)	0.668
TENS 2-Placebo		1.5 (0.3 to 2.7)	0.009
10 min
TENS 1-TENS 2		−0.4 (− 1.3 to 1.2)	0.995
TENS 1-Placebo		−2.1 (− 3.3 to –  0.8)	<  0.001
TENS 2-Placebo		− 2.1 (− 3.3 to –  0.8)	<  0.001
30 min
TENS 1-TENS 2		0.4 (− 0.7 to 1.7)	0.646
TENS 1-Placebo		− 2.4 (− 3.7 to − 1.5)	<  0.001
TENS 2-Placebo		−2.9 (− 4.1 to − 1.6)	< 0. 001

Data are visual analogue scale mean ± standard deviation scores unless otherwise specified

TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, CI confidence interval

*p values obtained from one-way analysis of variance