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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2018 Oct 13;82:1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.016

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

H&E, Safranin-O, and CD31 staining following 4 wk in vitro chondrogenic culture and 8 wk subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. H&E staining revealed that small-pore (125–250 μm) implants had typical cartilage morphology (A) with moderate ectopic bone formation (arrows) on scaffold surface. Large-pore (425–600 μm) implants show blood vessel ingrowth (B), preventing maintenance of a chondrogenic phenotype. Safranin-O staining showed that smallpore implants was positive for GAG-containing matrix (C), whereas large-pore implants were negative (D). CD31 immunohistochemical staining for endothelial cells showed that small-pore implants were mostly avascular (E), but large-pore implants contained rich microvessels (F, arrow indicates a typical microvessel). Scale bar: 200 μm. n=3 for each group.