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. 2018 Nov 21;9:1650. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01650

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Copyright © 2018 Zhang, Huang, Cai, Jiang, Xu, Zhou, Cao, Hultström, Tian and Lai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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OST regulates TGF-β1/Smad signaling in obstructive kidneys of UUO mice. Representative bands (A) and Western blots analyses (B) of p-Smad3, Smad3, Smad7 in the obstructed kidneys at 1 week after UUO. (C) Representative micrographs of the immunostaining for p-smad3 in the kidneys from indicated group. Arrows indicate immunostaining positive tubular epithelial cells and arrowhead show immunostaining positive interstitial cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. (D) Quantification of the number of p-Smad3 positive cells per visual field on kidneys from the indicated groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ^∗P < 0.05 versus Sham + Vehicle; ^#P < 0.05 versus UUO + Vehicle.