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. 2018 Nov 28;7:94. doi: 10.1038/s41377-018-0099-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Crystal orientation and polarization states of the input pulses (pump and signal) for type 1 (a), type 2a (b), and type 2b (c) phase matching are shown for intrapulse difference frequency generation in GaSe. Type 1 and type 2a phase matching are typically achieved with input pulses that are linearly polarized with φ = 45° orientation to the y-axes in the y−x plane, which causes the splitting of a pump and signal to the projected fast (e) and slow (o) axes of the crystal. This result enables generation of the idler wave in the projected e-or o-axes of the crystal (eoe or eoo). Type 2b phase matching requires p-polarized input light that corresponds to φ = 0°, with a pump and signal propagating in the projected e-axes of the crystal and generation of the idler wave in the o-axes of the crystal (eeo)