Table 1.

A cross-lagged path model of the antecedents and consequences of gaming problems.

	Standardized beta				Model fit
	Path A	Path B	Path C	Path D	χ2 (df = 8)	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	n
DEPRESSION
Boys	0.14**	0.07	0.03	0.01	115.33	0.907	0.674	0.114	0.050	963
Girls	0.13***	0.12**	0.11**	0.12**						1,088
ANXIETY
Boys	0.11*	0.07	0.03	−0.02	93.93	0.936	0.776	0.102	0.042	963
Girls	0.07*	0.07*	0.05	0.05						1,088
LONELINESS
Boys	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.01	92.47	0.933	0.767	0.101	0.044	962
Girls	0.07	0.08	0.10*	0.08*						1,088
ALCOHOL
Boys	−0.03	−0.05	−0.05	−0.06	76.62	0.938	0.784	0.091	0.038	963
Girls	0.01	0.01	−0.001	−0.04						1,087
VERBAL AGGRESSION
Boys	0.09*	0.02	0.04	−0.04	103.73	0.923	0.730	0.108	0.043	963
Girls	0.03	0.03	0.02	−0.003						1,088
PHYSICAL AGGRESSION
Boys	0.05	−0.03	0.05	0.05	87.91	0.938	0.782	0.099	0.040	963
Girls	0.04	0.06	0.08*	0.05						1,088

Mental health as consequences of gaming were tested in path A and path B, while mental health as antecedents of gaming were tested in path C and path D.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.