Table 2.

Prospective trials in infants/children looking at factors impacting celiac disease development.

Study	Design	Finding	Reference or clinical trials identifier
Prevent Coeliac Disease Study (PreventCD)	International double-blind placebo controlled RCT: 100 mg of gluten daily or placebo from 16 to 24 weeks of age	Neither breast-feeding nor introduction of small quantities of gluten at 16–24 weeks of age reduced the risk of celiac disease by 3 years of age in this group of high-risk children	(36)
Celiac Prevention Study (CELIPREV)	Multicenter RCT: Compare introduction of gluten at 6 vs. 12 months	Neither the delayed introduction of gluten nor breast-feeding modified the risk of celiac disease among at-risk infants	(26)
Celiac Disease Prevention With Probiotics Study (CiPP)	Double-blind RCT: Probiotic (Lactobacillus) vs. placebo in infants/children aged 2 to 12 years	Completed	NCT03176095
PreCiSe study	RCT: Probiotic vs. placebo vs. GFD from before age of 4 months for 3 years	In progress	NCT03562221