E2F1 induces high expression levels of lncRNA ANRIL in ATL. (A) E2F1 activates transcription of the ANRIL promoter. (Left) Schema of the ANRIL promoter. (Top) Possible transcription factor binding sites. 293FT cells were transfected with the E2F1 reporter plasmid with or without the plasmid expressing E2F1, Sp1, or CTCF. (Bottom) Luciferase activity was measured 48 h after transfection. (Right) Expression levels of E2F1, Sp1, and CTCF were measured 48 h after transfection. (B) E2F1-induced ANRIL expression. Total RNA was extracted from control or E2F1-expressing Jurkat cells. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of ANRIL mRNA. (C) Quantitative comparison of ANRIL mRNA levels between E2F1 knockdown and control HPB-ATL-T cells by real-time PCR. (D) ChIP analysis of the association of endogenous E2F1 and ANRIL promoters in HPB-ATL-2, HPB-ATL-T, and MT-2 cells. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.