FIG 9.
IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP can enhance infection of MDM. Nonpolarized (A) and IL-4-polarized (B) porcine macrophages were challenged with JEV Laos at an MOI of 1 TCID50/cell. The influence of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP (all at 10 ng/ml) or combinations thereof was tested when added with the virus inoculum, incubated for 1.5 h, and washed off; after 24 hpi, cells were harvested and E protein-positive cells acquired by flow cytometry. Data represent those from three independent experiments carried out in triplicate and illustrate 25% to 75% interquartile boxes showing the means and 95% confidence intervals. Differences between JEV infection of cells in the presence or absence of the cytokines are shown by asterisks (*, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.002; ***, P ≤ 0.001).