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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 28.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Methods Med Res. 2016 Oct 20;27(7):2038–2049. doi: 10.1177/0962280216673675

Table 2.

Demand curve parameter estimates and their corresponding standard errors and 95% CI/equal-tail CI for rats during progressive unit dose reduction in the nicotine self-administration case study.

Method
Non-linear least square regression
 Mixed effects regression
 Bayesian hierarchical approach
Parameter Estimate (95% CI) SE Estimate (95% CI) SE DF Estimate (95% equal-tail CI) SE
C0 2.69 (1.81, 3.56) 0.36 0.91 (0.66, 1.16) 0.12 12 0.92 (0.69, 1.16) 0.12
CM 0.67 (−0.25, 1.59) 0.41 −0.25 (−0.60, 0.10) 0.16 12 −0.28 (−0.59, 0.04) 0.16
α0 4.40 (2.63, 6.17) 0.72 10.54 (6.58, 14.50) 1.83 12 10.70 (7.19, 13.92) 1.71
αM −0.03 (−2.00, 1.94) 0.89 − 1.93 (−7.33, 3.48) 2.48 12 −2.46 (−6.47, 1.83) 2.11
logK 2.50 NA 1.77 (1.73, 1.82) 0.02 12 1.77 (1.73, 1.82) 0.02

Note: The estimates and SEs are multiplied by 104 in all methods.