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. 2010 Nov 16;15(11):8400–8424. doi: 10.3390/molecules15118400

Table 1.

Comparison between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Active Centers All atoms Only surface atoms
Selectivity High Low
Mass Transfer Limitations Very rare Can be severe
Structure/Mechanism Defined Undefined
Catalyst Separation Tedious/Expensive (extraction or distillation) Easy
Applicability Limited Wide
Cost of Catalyst Losses High Low