Table 1.

Different Components and Activities of Herba Epimedii.

Component	Anti-oxidative Activity	Reference
Total Flavonoid of Epimedium(TFE)	1. Inhibition of croton oil-induced ear edema and granuloma.	[7]
	2. Inhibition of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability.
	3. Inhibition of carrageenin-induced hind paw edema.
	4. Inhibition of primary and secondary inflammation in adjuvant arthritis.
	5. Inhibition of prostaglandin E and malondialdehyde product.
	6. Enhancement of catalase.
	7. Protection of H2O2-induced lesions in cardiocytes including inhibition of cardiocyte proliferation and increase of cardiocyte apoptosis.	[8,9]
Icarrin	1. Protection against free radical-induced damage of DNA.	[10]
	2. Protection against free radical-induced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in low-density lipoprotein and cellular membrane	[11]
	3. Protection against H2O2-induced cell oxidative injury in vein endothelial cells.	[17]
	4. Protection against β-amyloid neurotoxicity	[20,21]
Polysaccharide	1. Reduction of serum and liver levels of lipoperoxide in aged mice and rats and lipofuscin in cardiac muscle of aged mice.	[23,24]
	2. Increase in activities of superoxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase
Vitamin C	1. Maintainence of normal vasodilatory mechanism controlled by endothelial cells.	[25]
	2. Reduction of blood pressure.
	3. Enhancement of iron absorption in gastrointestinal tract.