Table 1.
Ischemic stroke.
Study | Country(ies) of study | Cases/ controls | Gene | Relevant function | Reference SNP # | Amino acid change | Common name | Associated population | Inheritance model | OR | CI at 95% | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variants associated with ischemic stroke | ||||||||||||
He et al.20 | China | 500/600 | MTHFR | Endothelial and vascular health (homocysteine metabolism) | rs868014 | *in 3′-UTR* | Chinese Han | Recessive | 1.99 | 1.29–3.88 | 0.001a | |
Dominant | 1.71 | 1.33–3.56 | <0.001a | |||||||||
Wei et al.16 | Iraq, India, China, Korea, Romania, Italy, Australia, China, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, Ireland, Japan, North America, Sweden, Austria, Poland, UK, Malaysia, Tunisia, USA, Turkey, Brazil, Hungary, Morocco, Croatia, Turkey, South Korea | 29,637/ 30,880 | rs1801133 | 229A > V | 677C > T | Multiethnic | allelic | 1.32 | 1.25–1.40 | <0.001 | ||
Recessive | 1.41 | 1.31–1.51 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Over-dominant | 1.11 | 1.05–1.17 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Asian | Allelic | 1.43 | 1.34–1.52 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Recessive | 1.47 | 1.35–1.59 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Over-dominant | 1.18 | 1.11–1.25 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Caucasian | Recessive | 1.28 | 1.10–1.48 | 0.002 | ||||||||
5674/6793 | rs1801131 | 429E > A | 1298A > C | Multiethnic | Allelic | 1.21 | 1.05–1.38 | 0.006 | ||||
Recessive | 1.45 | 1.13–1.87 | 0.004 | |||||||||
Allelic | 1.38 | 1.26–1.53 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Recessive | 1.86 | 1.42–2.43 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Over-dominant | 1.27 | 1.10–1.48 | 0.002 | |||||||||
29,506/ 32,628 | ApoE | Plasma lipid metabolism | rs429358 | 130C > R | ɛ4 | Multiethnic | Allelic | 1.58 | 1.40–1.79 | <0.001 | ||
Asian | Allelic | 1.7 | 1.47–1.97 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Caucasian | Allelic | 1.27 | 1.01–1.60 | 0.04 | ||||||||
Chen and Hu21 | China | 6190/6248 | Chinese | Additive | 2.19 | 1.90–2.52 | <0.001 | |||||
Dominant | 2.41 | 2.00–2.89 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Wei et al.16 | Iraq, India, China, Korea, Romania, Italy, Australia, China, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, Ireland, Japan, North America, Sweden, Austria, Poland, UK, Malaysia, Tunisia, USA, Turkey, Brazil, Hungary, Morocco, Croatia, Turkey, South Korea | 10,198/ 10,821 | eNOS | Endothelial and vascular health | rs1799983 | 298D > E | +894G > T | Multiethnic | Allelic | 1.25 | 1.13–1.38 | 0.003 |
Recessive | 1.29 | 1.10–1.50 | 0.001 | |||||||||
Over-dominant | 1.15 | 1.03–1.29 | 0.01 | |||||||||
Asian | Allelic | 1.45 | 1.23–1.69 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Recessive | 1.56 | 1.16–2.08 | 0.003 | |||||||||
Over-dominant | 1.26 | 1.06–1.49 | 0.008 | |||||||||
Caucasian | Recessive | 1.2 | 1.00–1.43 | 0.001 | ||||||||
6501/ 14,101 | AGT | Blood pressure modulation | rs699 | 235M > T | Multiethnic | allelic | 1.33 | 1.17–1.50 | <0.001 | |||
Recessive | 1.41 | 1.22–1.64 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Asians | Allelic | 1.4 | 1.24–1.59 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Recessive | 1.5 | 1.28–1.75 | 0.002 | |||||||||
9022/ 9792 | PON1 | Plasma lipid metabolism | rs662 | 192Q>R | Multiethnic | Allelic | 1.14 | 1.06–1.23 | <0.001 | |||
Recessive | 1.15 | 1.02–1.29 | 0.02 | |||||||||
Asian | Allelic | 1.15 | 1.04–1.28 | 0.005 | ||||||||
Recessive | 1.16 | 1.01–1.33 | 0.04 | |||||||||
Dominant | 0.81 | 0.70–0.94 | 0.005 | |||||||||
Casas et al.4 | Various | 4588/13,798 | Factor V | Coagulation | rs6025 | 506R > Q | Leiden | Caucasian | Dominant | 1.33 | 1.12–1.58 | 0.03 |
Au et al.26 | Turkey, Hungary, China | 945/464 | APOA5 | Plasma lipid modulation | rs3135506 | 19S > W | 56C > G | Multiethnic | Over-dominant | 1.97 | 1.23–3.16 | 0.005 |
allelic | 1.77 | 1.15–2.73 | 0.009 | |||||||||
Brazil, Russia, Serbia, China | 696/987 | APOB | rs1042031 | 4181E > K | Multiethnic | Over-dominant | 1.88 | 1.46–2.42 | <0.001 | |||
Allelic | 1.66 | 1.35–2.05 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Germany, China, Russia, UK | 2873/3146 | ABCA1 | rs2230806 | 219R > K | Multiethnic | Dominant | 1.31 | 1.16–1.48 | <0.001 | |||
2052/2106 | Asian | Dominant | 1.37 | 1.19–1.57 | <0.001 | |||||||
Wang et al.27 | China | 895/883 | APOC3 | rs4520 | *silent* | Silent T-C | Chinese Han | Recessive | 2.05 | 1.28–3.29 | <0.01b | |
rs5128 | *in 3′-UTR* | Recessive | 0.2 | 0.09–0.43 | <0.01b | |||||||
Yamada et al.28 | Japan | 1575/9210 | TMPRSS7 | Blood pressure modulation | rs147783135 | *truncated protein* | R692* | Japanese | Additive 1 | 0.38 | 0.17–0.74 | 0.0029c |
Dominant | 0.37 | 0.16–0.72 | 0.0024c | |||||||||
PDIA5 | Coagulation | rs2292661 | 391T > M | Additive 1 | 0.35 | 0.14–0.76 | 0.0054c | |||||
Dominant | 0.35 | 0.14–0.76 | 0.0054c | |||||||||
CYP4F12 | Inflammation | rs191885206 | 402C>R | Additive 1 | 2.6 | 1.30–4.93 | 0.0082c | |||||
Dominant | 2.6 | 1.30–4.93 | 0.0082c | |||||||||
Ma et al.29 | USA, China | 2108/1924 | RAGE | rs2070600 | 82G>S | Multiethnic | Allelic | 1.32 | 1.05–1.65 | <0.05 | ||
Recessive | 2.2 | 1.74–2.78 | <0.05 | |||||||||
Dominant | 1.2 | 1.04–1.38 | <0.05 | |||||||||
Misra et al.34 | India, Germany, UK | 713/948 | PSMA6 | rs1048990 | *in 5′-UTR* | 8C>G | Multiethnic | Recessive | 0.25 | 0.08–0.72 | 0.01 | |
Kim et al.35 | South Korea | 523/400 | miR-200b | Coagulation | rs7549819 | *non-coding RNA* | South Korean | Recessive | 0.475 | 0.239–0.944 | 0.034d | |
Kovalevа et al.31 | Russia | 1200/500 | HIF1a | Erythropoiesis | rs11549465 | 582P > S | 1772C > T | Russian | Not specified | 1.603 | 0.01 | |
Zhu et al.32 | China | 1102/1610 | NLRP3 | Inflammation | rs10754558 | *in 3′-UTR* | Chinese Han | Additive | 1.60 | 1.41–1.73 | <0.001 | |
Dominant | 1.81 | 1.57–2.11 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Recessive | 2.01 | 1.65–2.45 | <0.001 | |||||||||
Sung et al.33 | Taiwan | 914/746 | ALDH2 | Ethanol metabolism | rs671 | 487E > K | *2 allele | Taiwanese | Recessive | 1.84 | 1.10–3.08 | 0.02 |
Tong et al.36 | China | 648/648 | PPARγ | Plasma lipid modulation | rs1801282 | 12P > A | East Asian | Additive | 0.542 | 0.346–0.850 | 0.008e | |
Dominant | 0.555 | 0.356–0.864 | 0.009e | |||||||||
Variants associated with large-vessel ischemic stroke | ||||||||||||
Malik et al.30 | Australia, Germany, UK, South Asia | 3127/9778 | SERPINA1 | Inflammation | rs6647 | 237V > A | Multiethnic | Not specified | 1.22 | 1.13–1.31 | <0.001 | |
3127/9779 | HDAC9 | Epigenetics | rs2023938 | *in 3′-UTR* | Multiethnic | Not specified | 1.28 | 1.16–1.40 | <0.002 | |||
Monogenic disorders associated with ischemic stroke | ||||||||||||
Christoffersen et al.38 | Denmark | 2020/57,170 | WRN | DNA repair | rs1346044 | 1367C > R | Danish | Recessive | 1.14 | 1.04–1.25 | 0.02f |
Adjusted for age, gender, parental smoking, and drinking.
Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, history of smoking, history of alcohol use, family history of stroke and hyperlipidemia.
Adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Based on Bonferroni's correction.
Derived by multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and current smoking.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol drinking, tea drinking, BMI, and waist-hip ratio.
Adjusted for age, sex, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, cumulated smoking exposure, heavy alcohol consumption, use of lipid lowering therapy, and physical activity.
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.