Table 1.
Concentration of terpenoids (µg g–1 dw) found in female Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves from low, mid and high altitude sites in Algeria.
| Compounds | Mean concentration ± standard deviation of terpenoid contents in leaves extracts of Pistacia lentiscus (µg.g dw−1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RI | Low altitude | Mid altitude | High altitude | |||||||||||||
| L1(n = 5) | L2(n = 5) | L3(n = 5) | L4(n = 5) | L5(n = 5) | M1(n = 5) | M2(n = 5) | M3(n = 5) | M4(n = 5) | M5(n = 5) | H1(n = 5) | H2(n = 5) | H3(n = 5) | H4(n = 5) | H5(n = 5) | ||
| α-thujene | 926 | 4.8±1.6 | 3.8±1.3 | 1.1±0.9 | 1.4±0.9 | 4.6±1.5 | 8.2±1.1 | 8.1±0.4 | 4.5±0.9 | 3.4±0.5 | 6.5±1.2 | 13.6±0.7 | 15.2±0.7 | 12.5±1.5 | 15.1±0.7 | 16.9±0.5 |
| α-pinene | 933 | 8.1±3.3 | 7.6±3.0 | 2.9±1.1 | 2.7±0.9 | 5.5±1.2 | 2.2±0.2 | 5.7±0.9 | 5.2±0.8 | 1.9±0.3 | 13.5±2.0 | 102.9± 6.2 | 100.9± 3.6 | 76.3± 14.2 | 105.0± 4.5 | 98.0± 0.5 |
| camphene | 947 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.6±0.2 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.9±0.2 | 3.0±1.1 | 1.1±0.5 | 0.9±0.3 | 2.2±0.7 | 14.3±1.3 | 17.1±1.8 | 12.8±3.4 | 15.9±2.1 | 20.3±0.6 |
| β-pinene | 973 | 12.2±4.3 | 10.9±3.8 | 3.0±1.5 | 3.3±1.5 | 7.9±2.3 | 11.5±1.3 | 12.1±1.8 | 11.4±3.0 | 4.5±0.4 | 14.5±2.2 | 35.3±7.4 | 36.7±7.1 | 56.2±14.9 | 44.3±8.8 | 30.9±0.6 |
| α-terpinene | 1018 | 2.0±0.9 | 1.9±0.7 | 0.1±0.1 | 0.6±0.3 | 1.9±0.6 | 7.3±0.7 | 6.2±1.4 | 2.9±1.1 | 1.3±0.3 | 1.9±0.4 | 7.9±0.6 | 9.3±0.5 | 8.5±1.4 | 9.5±0.4 | 10.5±0.4 |
| p-cymene | 1027 | 0.9±0.4 | 0.9±0.4 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 1.9±0.4 | 3.5±0.9 | 1.4±0.5 | 0.7±0.3 | 1.6±0.6 | 15.7±0.7 | 17.7±0.5 | 21.3±4.8 | 18.5±0.5 | 18.8±0.4 |
| limonene | 1029 | 2.3±0.2 | 2.3±0.3 | 1.7±0.0 | 1.5±0.1 | 2.1±0.1 | 5.8±0.5 | 5.7±1.6 | 2.9±0.9 | 2.4±0.3 | 4.0±0.4 | 11.5±2.6 | 13.6±2.2 | 32.6±12.3 | 16.3±2.7 | 12.7±0.3 |
| γ-terpinene | 1062 | 2.1±0.6 | 1.7±0.6 | 0.5±0.3 | 0.8±0.4 | 2.0±0.6 | 4.7±0.4 | 5.6±1.0 | 2.5±0.8 | 1.4±0.3 | 2.4±0.4 | 7.2±0.6 | 8.9±0.7 | 7.7±0.9 | 8.8±0.7 | 10.5±0.4 |
| terpinen-4-ol | 1179 | 5.1±1.2 | 4.0±0.7 | 3.5±0.6 | 2.4±0.1 | 3.1±0.4 | 5.9±0.8 | 7.0±1.3 | 4.6±0.9 | 4.1±0.4 | 6.3±0.6 | 27.4±0.6 | 29.6±0.4 | 42.5±7.8 | 30.3±0.4 | 30.5±0.4 |
| α-terpineol | 1197 | 2.4±0.6 | 1.6±0.5 | 0.8±0.2 | 0.5±0.2 | 1.4±0.1 | 1.9±0.3 | 3.5±1.0 | 2.0±0.5 | 1.1±0.3 | 2.0±0.7 | 5.1±0.8 | 7.5±0.5 | 6.0±1.1 | 8.4±0.6 | 8.2±0.4 |
| borneol acetate | 1287 | 6.8±1.9 | 5.6±1.5 | 3.9±0.2 | 3.6±0.2 | 3.2±0.4 | 7.3±0.8 | 6.5±1.1 | 6.3±1.5 | 6.9±0.7 | 18.7±6.2 | 18.6±0.7 | 22.3±0.5 | 25.8±6.9 | 22.4±0.5 | 23.6±0.4 |
| α-terpineol acetate* | 1351 | 4.4±0.2 | 4.0±0.6 | 10.3±1.0 | 8.8±0.5 | 8.9±2.9 | 17.7±2.3 | 10.4±1.5 | 5.2±1.4 | 7.9±0.4 | 14.1±3.8 | 15.3±0.3 | 16.5±0.2 | 11.7±1.5 | 16.7±0.2 | 17.2±0.2 |
| δ-elemene* | 1338 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.4±0.0 | 0.0±0.0 | 1.2±0.3 | 2.8±0.9 | 0.7±0.4 | 1.7±0.3 | 7.0±3.1 | 0.4±0.2 | 2.6±0.5 | 1.4±0.9 | 2.7±0.4 | 3.9±0.4 |
| α-cubebene* | 1351 | 4.4±0.2 | 4.0±0.6 | 10.3±1.0 | 8.8±0.5 | 8.9±2.9 | 17.7±2.3 | 10.4±1.5 | 5.2±1.4 | 7.9±0.4 | 14.1±3.8 | 15.3±0.3 | 16.5±0.2 | 11.7±1.5 | 16.7±0.2 | 17.2±0.2 |
| α-copaene | 1377 | 7.5±1.3 | 8.3±1.0 | 10.4±1.1 | 8.5±0.6 | 13.7±3.1 | 22.9±3.7 | 10.9±0.8 | 9.4±0.3 | 8.8±0.5 | 13.9±1.0 | 34.8±2.4 | 38.3±1.5 | 23.2±4.7 | 40.3±1.9 | 37.8±0.4 |
| β-bourbonene* | 1389 | 1.7±0.2 | 1.2±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.8±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 3.0±0.9 | 1.3±0.3 | 0.8±0.3 | 5.1±1.2 | 7.2±0.9 | 9.9±1.3 | 2.4±0.3 | 6.0±1.2 | 12.2±0.4 |
| β-cubebene* | 1391 | 3.9±0.5 | 3.3±0.5 | 14.2±1.0 | 13.8±1.3 | 32.5±8.7 | 21.0±3.6 | 10.4±2.0 | 4.5±1.1 | 11.0±0.9 | 5.7±1.1 | 13.2±0.6 | 16.4±0.5 | 9.6±2.0 | 16.7±0.4 | 17.7±0.4 |
| β-elemene* | 1393 | 34.9±0.9 | 34.4±0.4 | 3.1±0.4 | 2.5±0.3 | 3.4±0.5 | 4.4±0.7 | 5.5±0.5 | 3.9±0.6 | 3.5±0.3 | 7.3±0.6 | 4.5±1.2 | 6.9±0.8 | 6.7±1.8 | 8.2±1.0 | 7.2±0.4 |
| β-caryophyllene | 1422 | 92.7±18.5 | 78.4±16.4 | 71.4±6.8 | 54.3±2.7 | 57.2±4.7 | 95.5±6.6 | 71.4±2.9 | 80.3±14.9 | 82.8±9.0 | 146.8±10.8 | 178.2±14.9 | 186.3±11.7 | 156.4±30.1 | 198.5±14.3 | 175.6±0.4 |
| β-copaene* | 1431 | 6.6±0.6 | 6.2±0.5 | 6.0±0.5 | 5.0±0.2 | 17.3±11.6 | 10.4±1.5 | 7.6±0.8 | 5.9±0.6 | 7.1±1.0 | 9.4±1.0 | 14.7±4.5 | 17.2±3.9 | 13.2±2.4 | 21.6±4.9 | 14.3±0.4 |
| γ-elemene* | 1440 | 0.5±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 | 0.2±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 1.7±0.3 | 3.4±1.1 | 1.0±0.5 | 0.7±0.3 | 0.8±0.3 | 2.3±0.2 | 4.4±0.6 | 2.4±0.4 | 4.4±0.6 | 5.9±0.4 |
| trans-muurola-3,5-diene* | 1451 | 2.2±0.6 | 3.3±0.7 | 6.4±0.8 | 5.9±0.8 | 4.4±0.9 | 7.4±1.0 | 8.3±1.6 | 3.6±0.8 | 4.9±0.2 | 5.3±1.0 | 2.9±0.6 | 4.4±0.9 | 2.8±0.4 | 3.8±1.1 | 6.3±0.3 |
| α-humulene | 1457 | 20.9±2.6 | 19.3±3.0 | 20.5±1.7 | 16.3±0.7 | 19.4±1.8 | 35.6±4.9 | 19.1±0.7 | 18.6±2.1 | 23.9±1.8 | 30.8±1.6 | 28.4±6.6 | 33.3±7.6 | 29.0±5.6 | 26.2±9.3 | 42.0±0.4 |
| allo-aromadendrene* | 1462 | 6.4±0.5 | 5.6±0.7 | 7.6±0.7 | 6.1±0.3 | 8.0±0.9 | 17.5±2.6 | 9.2±1.2 | 5.9±0.8 | 7.5±0.4 | 9.3±0.9 | 15.8±3.2 | 18.7±2.6 | 10.2±2.2 | 21.8±3.3 | 17.1±0.4 |
| cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene* | 1465 | 3.8±0.3 | 3.6±0.3 | 3.7±0.3 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.9±0.6 | 5.9±0.9 | 5.3±0.7 | 3.5±0.3 | 4.6±0.4 | 5.4±0.6 | 7.0±2.4 | 9.7±1.8 | 6.6±1.1 | 12.0±2.3 | 8.8±0.4 |
| trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene* | 1476 | 2.7±0.3 | 2.8±0.5 | 6.8±0.5 | 5.0±0.3 | 5.5±0.6 | 3.8±0.7 | 5.9±1.3 | 3.2±0.7 | 5.0±0.6 | 3.2±0.7 | 12.4±1.2 | 15.4±0.6 | 5.7±1.3 | 16.4±0.7 | 15.9±0.4 |
| γ-muurolene* | 1479 | 32.5±1.8 | 29.7±3.1 | 37.3±1.9 | 30.8±1.0 | 34.7±4.0 | 62.5±6.7 | 36.7±1.9 | 28.6±2.4 | 29.9±2.9 | 37.7±2.4 | 59.7±5.4 | 62.6±4.4 | 40.7±5.9 | 67.3±5.4 | 58.9±0.2 |
| germacrene D* | 1484 | 23.5±3.3 | 21.5±2.0 | 16.4±0.8 | 13.9±0.5 | 14.1±0.8 | 19.0±1.1 | 19.3±2.4 | 19.0±2.4 | 24.3±6.8 | 37.6±5.0 | 33.7±14.7 | 36.9±13.9 | 44.6±9.3 | 51.4±17.1 | 24.0±0.4 |
| β-selinene* | 1489 | 7.5±0.8 | 7.1±0.5 | 5.7±0.7 | 5.4±0.2 | 8.4±0.8 | 10.7±1.2 | 8.9±0.7 | 6.1±0.6 | 6.0±0.3 | 9.7±1.1 | 8.7±2.6 | 11.3±2.1 | 10.0±1.6 | 13.8±2.6 | 10.2±0.4 |
| trans-muurola-1(14),5-diene* | 1494 | 5.5±0.4 | 5.8±0.9 | 13.6±0.8 | 10.6±0.5 | 13.1±0.9 | 14.7±2.9 | 6.8±0.5 | 4.7±0.2 | 10.5±0.8 | 7.6±1.0 | 15.3±1.4 | 18.3±0.8 | 9.7±2.1 | 19.5±0.9 | 18.6±0.4 |
| α-muurolene* | 1503 | 16.1±1.6 | 17.1±2.3 | 27.6±2.3 | 21.9±1.4 | 25.7±2.9 | 46.8±5.9 | 24.7±1.9 | 16.4±2.5 | 26.1±1.2 | 24.3±2.1 | 42.9±5.2 | 55.7±0.9 | 24.6±5.2 | 57.1±1.1 | 55.9±0.4 |
| β-bisabolene* | 1510 | 22.1±2.3 | 21.6±2.5 | 81.9±5.4 | 62.5±5.3 | 74.3±8.2 | 105.0±19.9 | 38.5±9.2 | 21.4±2.3 | 63.6±4.0 | 36.6±4.8 | 55.3±5.9 | 60.0±4.5 | 42.7±8.6 | 65.1±5.6 | 56.5±0.4 |
| γ-cadinene* | 1517 | 15.7±1.2 | 15.3±1.0 | 12.6±1.3 | 11.7±0.8 | 23.7±9.9 | 32.8±2.9 | 35.4±8.0 | 20.2±6.6 | 15.3±0.7 | 20.5±2.0 | 24.9±8.3 | 27.0±7.9 | 19.9±3.4 | 35.4±9.7 | 20.2±0.4 |
| δ-cadinene* | 1528 | 60.3±5.5 | 59.0±9.3 | 112.5±9.5 | 83.3±3.8 | 98.4±9.1 | 176.2±19.6 | 88.4±8.5 | 59.7±10.7 | 98.6±4.8 | 83.9±8.0 | 143.6±19.0 | 153.9±16.3 | 87.4±18.2 | 170.7±20.0 | 138.6±0.4 |
| cadina-1,4-diene* | 1535 | 7.1±0.8 | 5.4±0.6 | 6.3±0.5 | 6.1±0.6 | 9.8±1.2 | 11.2±0.5 | 10.4±2.0 | 5.2±1.6 | 5.0±0.5 | 3.9±2.3 | 7.1±0.5 | 8.4±0.4 | 7.1±0.5 | 8.8±0.3 | 9.5±0.4 |
| α-cadinene* | 1541 | 4.9±0.4 | 4.1±0.3 | 14.1±0.4 | 13.1±0.1 | 5.1±0.5 | 10.4±1.7 | 14.6±4.0 | 7.0±3.0 | 5.1±0.5 | 5.4±0.8 | 6.6±1.6 | 8.2±1.3 | 5.0±0.8 | 10.0±1.6 | 8.0±0.4 |
| α-calacorene* | 1546 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.2±0.0 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.3±0.0 | 1.3±0.1 | 7.9±0.5 | 8.2±0.4 | 8.7±0.8 | 3.5±0.4 | 4.1±0.2 | 1.7±0.2 | 1.3±0.0 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.3±0.0 | 1.3±0.1 |
| cubebol* | 1520 | 15.8±3.5 | 15.5±3.0 | 112.9±12.0 | 75.5±20.6 | 108.9±16.4 | 117.6±21.7 | 60.3±27.8 | 17.9±4.9 | 71.4±5.0 | 36.6±7.8 | 57.8±2.5 | 62.3±1.6 | 42.4±9.3 | 61.3±1.8 | 64.8±0.4 |
| elemol* | 1553 | 8.7±2.0 | 8.4±1.4 | 7.5±1.2 | 6.3±1.0 | 9.4±1.8 | 6.7±0.7 | 10.3±1.5 | 5.9±1.2 | 7.8±0.3 | 11.5±0.8 | 9.6±1.5 | 13.1±0.7 | 9.6±1.9 | 14.3±0.9 | 13.5±0.4 |
| germacrene D-4-ol* | 1584 | 1.2±0.0 | 1.2±0.0 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.8±0.3 | 3.6±1.0 | 1.6±0.4 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.1±0.0 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.0 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 |
| spathulenol* | 1584 | 13.0±2.8 | 11.8±2.2 | 9.7±1.1 | 11.9±0.5 | 18.5±4.4 | 10.1±0.9 | 13.2±1.6 | 10.8±2.6 | 7.6±0.7 | 40.6±18.0 | 13.1±1.2 | 26.7±11.0 | 22.4±3.6 | 28.0±10.7 | 38.2±13.5 |
| caryophyllene oxide | 1587 | 56.0±18.3 | 52.0±15.9 | 53.0±8.6 | 45.6±6.4 | 67.7±11.6 | 54.8±2.2 | 53.3±2.1 | 55.1±14.3 | 48.1±1.7 | 71.8±6.6 | 58.6±2.6 | 70.4±10.2 | 49.1±9.0 | 67.9±11.0 | 83.6±10.9 |
| gleenol* | 1588 | 1.2±0.0 | 1.2±0.0 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 9.8±0.3 | 11.7±1.0 | 3.2±2.0 | 1.1±0.1 | 11.2±4.1 | 1.1±0.0 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.0 | 1.1±0.1 | 1.6±0.1 |
| humulene oxide II | 1613 | 12.3±2.0 | 11.5±1.7 | 16.8±1.9 | 15.2±1.5 | 24.3±3.0 | 22.6±3.2 | 13.5±1.2 | 11.1±1.5 | 16.0±1.2 | 14.7±1.5 | 17.6±2.4 | 21.3±2.3 | 12.7±2.6 | 23.7±2.2 | 22.4±2.1 |
| 1-epi-cubenol* | 1632 | 6.0±3.3 | 5.9±2.9 | 16.3±1.3 | 12.3±1.3 | 10.4±0.9 | 14.1±2.2 | 10.9±1.7 | 6.8±2.4 | 12.5±1.8 | 11.6±2.5 | 9.9±0.8 | 12.4±0.5 | 4.0±1.1 | 13.0±0.4 | 13.4±0.5 |
| α-muurolol* | 1648 | 11.5±2.3 | 11.7±2.1 | 26.9±1.5 | 23.0±1.6 | 20.3±5.1 | 19.0±2.5 | 14.8±1.2 | 10.4±2.1 | 21.6±1.2 | 12.3±2.4 | 15.9±3.6 | 21.3±3.8 | 13.8±2.8 | 24.7±3.8 | 22.2±3.8 |
| α-cadinol* | 1661 | 15.1±2.8 | 17.4±1.9 | 22.7±0.8 | 21.4±1.0 | 24.6±1.3 | 21.0±1.4 | 29.6±0.9 | 18.2±3.2 | 24.8±0.7 | 19.5±2.8 | 17.9±5.6 | 24.0±5.7 | 18.6±2.3 | 29.4±5.9 | 23.9±5.0 |
| α-bisabolol* | 1688 | 9.9±0.6 | 9.8±0.5 | 10.7±0.5 | 10.3±0.4 | 10.3±0.5 | 32.8±0.9 | 34.0±2.0 | 15.5±5.8 | 27.3±0.8 | 15.1±6.9 | 4.4±0.3 | 5.8±0.4 | 5.8±0.5 | 7.6±0.6 | 7.2±0.2 |
| eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1-beta-ol* | 1696 | 10.5±2.9 | 6.9±0.7 | 22.8±2.6 | 19.5±1.5 | 27.5±3.4 | 26.0±0.5 | 35.3±2.5 | 21.3±3.1 | 11.3±3.4 | 27.5±2.1 | 8.8±1.0 | 11.9±1.1 | 7.5±1.1 | 11.4±1.2 | 13.8±0.5 |
| Total monoterpenes | 39± 3.9 | 65± 5.0 | 299± 6.8 | |||||||||||||
| Total monoterpene hydrocarbons | 21.7± 3.4 | 37.5±3.2 | 221.5±5.3 | |||||||||||||
| Total oxygenated monoterpenes | 16.8±1.9 | 27.8±2.4 | 77.1±2.5 | |||||||||||||
| Total sesquiterpenes | 799±38.0 | 956±48.6 | 1181±55.0 | |||||||||||||
| Total sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 422.18±18.0 | 509.1±32.4 | 762.5±37.1 | |||||||||||||
| Total oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 377.2±22.7 | 446.9±20.7 | 418.9±23.3 | |||||||||||||
| Total terpenes | 838±39.0 | 1021±51.6 | 1480±57.7 | |||||||||||||
RI: Retention Index; NI: Non Identified. ; * : tentatively identified.