Table 1.
N°. | Name | Alternative name | Structure | Plant part | Country | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aliphatic natural products | ||||||
Saturated unbranched hydrocarbons | ||||||
1 | heneicosane | CH3(CH2)19CH3 | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
2 | dodosane | CH3(CH2)20CH3 | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
3 | tricosane | CH3(CH2)21CH3 | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
4 | tetracosane | CH3(CH2)22CH3 | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
5 | pentacosane | CH3(CH2)23CH3 | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
6 | hexacosane | CH3(CH2)24CH3 | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
7 | heptacosane | CH3(CH2)25CH3 | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
8 | octacosane | CH3(CH2)26CH3 | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
9 | nonocosane | CH3(CH2)27CH3 | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
10 | triacontane | CH3(CH2)28CH3 | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
11 | hentriacontane | CH3(CH2)29CH3 | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
12 | dotriacontane | CH3(CH2)30CH3 | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
13 | tritriacontane | CH3(CH2)31CH3 | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
Saturated unbranched alcohols | ||||||
14 | 2-butoxy-ethanol | CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2OH | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
15 | tetracosan-1-ol | CH3(CH2)22CH2OH | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
16 | hexacosan-1-ol | CH3(CH2)24CH2OH | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
17 | 1-octacosanol | CH3(CH2)26CH2OH | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
18 | 1-hentriacontanol | CH3(CH2)29CH2OH | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
Saturated unbranched carboxylic acids | ||||||
19 | tetradecanoic acid | myristic acid | CH3(CH2)12CO2H | AP | Tanzania | [44] |
20 | hexadecanoic acid | palmitic acid | CH3(CH2)14CO2H | AP | Tanzania | [44] |
21 | octadecanoic acid | stearic acid | CH3(CH2)16CO2H | AP | Tanzania | [44] |
22 | eicosanoic acid | arachidic acid | CH3(CH2)18CO2H | AP | Tanzania | [44] |
23 | docosanoid acid | behenic acid | CH3(CH2)20CO2H | LF | not stated | [84] |
Unbranched aliphatic carboxylic acid esters | ||||||
24 | 2-butenedioic acid | AP | China | [121] | ||
AP | China | [102] | ||||
25 | (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid | oleic acid | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
26 | (E)-9-octadecenoic acid | elaidic acid | LF | not stated | [84] | |
27 | (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid | linolic acid/linoleic acid | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||||
28 | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid | α-linolenic acid | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
29 | (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester | ethyl linoleate | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
30 | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester | methyl linolenate | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
31 | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester | ethyl linolenate | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
32 | (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, 2-butoxyethyl ester | 2-butoxyethyl oleate | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
33 | 2-butoxyethyl linoleate | EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||
34 | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, butoxyrthyl ester | 2-butoxyethyl linolenate | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
Acetylenic hydrocarbons | ||||||
35 | 1,7E,9E,15E-heptadecatetraene-11,13-diyne | heptadeca-2E,8E,10E,16-tetraen-4,6-diyne | NF | China | [99] | |
36 | 1,11-tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-tetrayne | RT | not stated | [2] | ||
37 | 1-tridecaene-3,5,7,9,11-pentayne | pentayneene | LF | not stated | [2] | |
NF | Egypt | [86] | ||||
38 | 5-tridecaene-7,9,11-triyne-3-ol | NF | Egypt | [86] | ||
39 | 2,10,12-tridecatriene-4,6,8-triyn-1-ol | PNS | not stated | [51] | ||
40 | 2,12-tridecadiene-4,6,8,10-tetrayn-1-ol | 1,11-tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-tetrayn-13-ol | RT | not stated | [2] | |
NF | Egypt | [86] | ||||
41 | 2,12-tridecadiene-4,6,8,10-tetraynal | 1,11-tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-tetrayne-13-al | RT | Germany | [122] | |
42 | 2,12-tridecadiene-4,6,8,10-tetrayn-1-ol,1-acetate | 1,11-tridecadiene-3,5,7,9-tetrayne-13-acetate | RT | not stated | [2] | |
43 | (5E)-1,5-tridecadiene-7,9-diyn-3,4,12-triol | AP | China | [100] | ||
44 | (6E,12E)-3-oxo-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyn-1-ol | AP | China | [100] | ||
45 | (E)-5-tridecene-7,9,11-triyne-1,2-diol | 1,2-dihydroxy-5(E)-tridecene-7,9,11-triyne | EP | Taiwan | [78] | |
46 | (E)-6-tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne-1,3-diol | 1,3-dihydroxy-6(E)-tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne | EP | Taiwan | [77] | |
EP | Taiwan | [65] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [78] | ||||
47 | (2R,3E,11E)-3,11-tridecadiene-5,7,9-triyne-1,2-diol | safynol | NF | Egypt | [86] | |
NF | China | [99] | ||||
48 | 5,7,9,11-tridecatetrayne-1,2-diol | 1,2-dihydroxy-trideca-5,7,9,11-tetrayne | EP | Taiwan | [77] | |
EP | Taiwan | [78] | ||||
49 | (R)-3,5,7,9,11-tridecapentayne-1,2-diol | (R)-1,2-dihydroxy-trideca-3,5,7,9,11-pentayne | AP | Japan | [71] | |
50 | (4E)-1-(hydroxyl-methyl)-4-dodecene-6,8,10-triyn-1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 2-β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy-1-hydroxy-5(E)-tridecene-7,9,11-triyne | AP | USA | [54] | |
EP | Taiwan | [75] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [123] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [65] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [49] | ||||
LF | Taiwan | [124] | ||||
51 | (4E)-1-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-dodecene-6,8,10-triyn-1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 3-β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy-1-hydroxy-6(E)-tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne | AP | USA | [54] | |
AP | China | [102] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [75] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [123] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [65] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [49] | ||||
LF | Taiwan | [124] | ||||
AP | China | [100] | ||||
52 | 3-hydroxy-6-tetra-decene-8,10,12-triynyl-β-D-gluco-pyranoside | β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy-3-hydroxy-6E-tetradecene-8,10,12-triyne | EP | Mexico | [53] | |
53 | 1-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6,8,10-dodeca-tetrayn-1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 2-β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy-1-hydroxytrideca-5,7,9,11-tetrayne , cytopiloyne | EP | Taiwan | [49] | |
EP | not stated | [82] | ||||
LF | Taiwan | [124] | ||||
54 | 2-O-D-glucosyltrideca-11E-en-3,5,7,9-tetrayn-1,2-diol | LF | Brazil | [61] | ||
55 | (R)-1-(hydroxy-methyl)-2,4,6,8,10-dodecapentayn-1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 2-β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy-1-hydroxytrideca-3,5,7,9,11-pentayne | AP | China | [102] | |
AP | Japan | [71] | ||||
56 | 1-[[(carboxy-acetyl)oxy]methyl]-4,6,8,10-dodeca-tetraynyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | AP | Japan | [125] | ||
57 | (4E)-1-[[(carboxy-acetyl)oxy]-methyl]-4-dodecene-6,8,10-triynyl-β-D-gluco-pyranoside | AP | Japan | [125] | ||
58 | (4E)-1-[[(carboxy-acetyl)oxy]-ethyl]-4-dodecene-6,8,10-triynyl-β-D-gluco-pyranoside | AP | Japan | [125] | ||
59 | (5E)-5-heptene-1,3-diyn-1-yl-benzene | 1-phenylhepta-1,3-diyn-5-en | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
60 | 7-phenyl-2(E)-heptene-4,6-diyn-1-ol | RT | not stated | [2] | ||
AP | China | [100] | ||||
61 | 7-phenyl-2(E)-heptene-4,6-diyn-1-ol-acetate | RT | not stated | [2] | ||
RT | Brazil | [50] | ||||
RT | Brazil | [52] | ||||
62 | 7-phenyl-4,6-heptadiyn-2-ol | (-)-pilosol A | EPAP | TaiwanChina | [85] | |
[100] | ||||||
63 | 7-phenylhepta-4,6-diyn-1,2-diol | AP | China | [100] | ||
64 | 1,3,5-heptatriyn-1-yl-benzene | 1-phenylhepta-1,3,5-triyne | LF | not stated | [2] | |
LTC | not stated | [97] | ||||
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
AP | China | [121] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||||
RT | Brazil | [52] | ||||
AP | China | [100] | ||||
65 | 7-phenyl-2,4,6-heptatriyn-1-ol | LF | not stated | [2] | ||
AP | China | [100] | ||||
66 | 7-phenyl-2,4,6-heptatriyn-1-ol-acetate | LF | not stated | [2] | ||
67 | 5-(2-phenylethynyl)-2-thiophene methanol | AP | China | [100] | ||
68 | 5-(2-phenylethynyl)-2β-glucosylmethyl-thiophene | AP | China | [100] | ||
Simple aromatic hydrocarbons | ||||||
Simple phenols | ||||||
69 | 1,2-benzenediol | pyrocatechin | EP | Japan | [87] | |
70 | 4-ethyl-1,2-benzenediol | pyrocatechol | EP | Japan | [87] | |
71 | dimethoxyphenol | RT | Japan | [87] | ||
72 | 4-ethenyl-2-methoxy-phenol | p-vinylguaiacol | EP | Japan | [87] | |
73 | 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde | 6-methyl-salicylaldehyde | EP | Japan | [87] | |
74 | benzene-ethanol | 2-phenyl-ethanol | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
Simple aryl aldehydes | ||||||
75 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde | vanillin | AP | Japan | [87] | |
76 | 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde | vanillin, iso | LF | Japan | [87] | |
Simple benzoic acids and their homologues | ||||||
77 | 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid | p-hydroxybenzoic acid | EP | Japan | [87] | |
78 | 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid | salicylic acid | ST/RT | Japan | [87] | |
79 | 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid | protocatechuic acid | EP | Japan | [87] | |
80 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid | vanillic acid | AP | Uganda | [110] | |
RT | Japan | [87] | ||||
81 | 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acid | gallic acid | EP | China | [126] | |
Phenylpropanoids | ||||||
Simple phenylpropanoids | ||||||
82 | 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid | p-coumaric acid | EP | Japan | [87] | |
83 | 2-methoxy-4(2-propen-1-yl)-phenol | eugenol | LF/RT | Japan | [87] | |
84 | 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2propenoic acid | ferulic acid | EP | Japan | [87] | |
85 | 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-propenoic acid | caffeic acid | EP | Japan | [87] | |
AP | Japan | [62] | ||||
86 | 3-propyl-3-[(2,4,5-trimetoxyphenyl)-methoxy]-2,4-pentanedione | 3-propyl-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxy)benzyloxy-pentan-2,4-dione | LF | India | [90] | |
Coumaric and caffeoyl esters | ||||||
87 | 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-propenoic acid, ethyl ester | caffeate, ethyl | NF | Taiwan | [127] | |
EP | Taiwan | [65] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [78] | ||||
88 | 2-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butanoic acid | d-erythronic acid, 2-O-caffeoyl-2-C-methyl | LF | Japan | [88] | |
89 | 2-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butanoic acid,methyl ester | d-erythronate, methyl 2-O-caffeoyl-2-C-methyl | LF | Japan | [88] | |
90 | 3-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-2,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butanoic acid,methyl ester | d-erythronate, methyl 3-O-caffeoyl-2-C-methyl | LF | Japan | [88] | |
91 | 4-(acetyloxy)-3-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]oxy]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-butanoic acid | NF | Japan | [70] | ||
92 | 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-3-furanyl ester-2 propenoic acid | 3-O-caffeoyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythrono-1,4-lactone | LF | Japan | [88] | |
93 | 3-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]oxy]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-cyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid | chlorogenic acid | AP | Japan | [83] | |
EP | Taiwan | [79] | ||||
AP | Japan | [62] | ||||
94 | 4-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-oxy]-1,3,5-trihydroxy-cyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid | 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid | AP | Japan | [83] | |
95 | 3,4-bis[[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-oxy]-1,5-dihydroxy-cyclohexane--carboxylic acid | 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid | AP | Japan | [83] | |
EP | Taiwan | [79] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [75] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [65] | ||||
96 | 3,5-bis[[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-oxy]-1,4-dihydroxy-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid | 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid | AP | Japan | [83] | |
EP | Taiwan | [79] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [75] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [65] | ||||
97 | 3,4-bis[[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-oxy]-1,5-dihydroxy-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid | 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid | EP | Taiwan | [79] | |
EP | Taiwan | [75] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [65] | ||||
98 | 3-[4-[[6-O-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-oxy]-phenyl]-2-propenoic acid | β-D-p-coumaric acid, 4-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl-glucopyranosyl) | LF | Japan | [89] | |
99 | 3-[4-[[2-O-acetyl-6-O-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-oxy]-phenyl]-2-propenoic acid | β-D-p-coumaric acid, 4-O-(2-O-acetyl-6-O-p-coumaroyl-glucopyranosyl) | LF | Japan | [89] | |
AP | China | [121] | ||||
Coumarins | ||||||
100 | 6,7-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one | esculetin | NF | Egypt | [86] | |
Flavonoids | ||||||
Aurones | ||||||
101 | 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-6-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone | sulfuretin | AP | China | [102] | |
102 | 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-6,7-dihydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-6,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy; maritimetin | AP | China | [102] | |
103 | 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-6-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-7-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy; maritimein | LFAPLF | Japan | [89] | |
China | [102] | |||||
China | [59] | |||||
104 | 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-7-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-6-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy | LF | Japan | [89] | |
105 | 6-[(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-7-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-6-O-( 6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy | LF AP | Japan | [89] | |
China | [102] | |||||
106 | 6-[(3,6-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-oxy]-2-[(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)-methylene]-7-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-6-O-(3,6-di-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy; bidenoside A | LF | China | [59] | |
107 | 6-[(4,6-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-oxy]-2-[(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)-methylene]-7-hydroxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-6-O-(4”,6”-diacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy | LF | not stated | [128] | |
AP | China | [121] | ||||
AP | China | [102] | ||||
108 | 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-7-hydroxy-6-[(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)-oxy-3(2H)-benzofuranone] | aurone, (Z)-6-O-(2”,4”,6”-triacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy | LF | not stated | [128] | |
AP | China | [121] | ||||
109 | 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-7-hydroxy-6-[(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)-oxy]-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-6-O-(3”,4”,6”-triacetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy | AP | China | [121] | |
AP | China | [102] | ||||
110 | 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methylene]-7-hydroxy-6-[[6-O-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-3(2H)-benzofuranone | aurone, (Z)-6-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy | LF | Japan | [89] | |
Chalcones | ||||||
111 | 1-[2-(β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)- 2-propen-1-one | chalcone, α,3,2’,4’-tetrahydroxy-2’-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl | AP | China | [102] | |
112 | 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one | butein | AP | China | [102] | |
113 | 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-(2,3,4-trihydroxy-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one | okanin | LF | China | [59] | |
114 | 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-[3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-2-propen-1-one | okanin 3’-O-β-D-glucoside | LF | Germany | [129] | |
LF | Germany | [130] | ||||
FL | Germany | [109] | ||||
115 | 3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-1-[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl]-2-propen-1-one | okanin 4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; marein | FL | Germany | [109] | |
LF | Japan | [89] | ||||
116 | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(6”-O-acetylglucoside) | FL | Germany | [109] | ||
117 | 1-[4-[(4,6-di-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-oxy]-2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl]-3-(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(4”,6”-diacetyl)-glucopyranoside | AP | China | [121] | |
118 | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(2”,4”,6”-triacetyl)-glucoside | LF | Germany | [129] | ||
119 | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(3”,4”,6”-triacetyl)-glucoside | AP | China | [121] | ||
120 | 1-[2,3-dihydroxy-4-[[6-O-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-phenyl]-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(6”-trans-p-coumaroyl) glucoside | LF | Germany | [129] | |
121 | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(4”-acetyl-6”-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside | LF | Germany | [131] | ||
122 | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(2”,4”-diacetyl-6”-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside | LF | Germany | [131] | ||
123 | okanin 4’-O-β-D-(3”,4”-diacetyl-6”-trans-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside | LF | Germany | [131] | ||
124 | okanin 4’-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] | FL | Germany | [109] | ||
125 | okanin 3’,4’-di-O-β-D-glucoside | FL | Germany | [109] | ||
126 | 1-[3-(β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy)-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one | okanin 4-methyl ether-3’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | LF | Germany | [130] | |
AP | China | [102] | ||||
127 | okanin 4-methyl ether-3’,4’-di-O-β-(4”,6”,4’’’,6’’’-tetracetyl)-glucopyranoside | AP | China | [100] | ||
128 | chalcone, 2’,4’,6’-trimethoxy-4-O-D-glucopyranosyl-dihydro | NF | LF | China | [59] | |
Flavanones | ||||||
129 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | okanin,iso | LF | China | [59] | |
130 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-8-hydroxy-7-[(2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)oxy]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | okanin 7-O-β-D-(2”,4”,6”-triacetyl)-glucopyranoside, iso | AP | China | [121] | |
Flavones | ||||||
131 | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | apigenin | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
AP | China | [100] | ||||
132 | 7-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | apigenin 7-O-glucopyranoside | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
133 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | luteolin | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
AP | China | [121] | ||||
AP | China | [102] | ||||
AP | China | [100] | ||||
AP | Vietnam | [132] | ||||
134 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-7-(β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
135 | 5,7-dimethoxy-6-(5-methoxy-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl)-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 5-O-methylhoslundin | AP | Uganda | [110] | |
Flavonols | ||||||
136 | 3-(β-D-gluco-pyranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | astragalin; kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | AP | China | [102] | |
137 | kaempferol 3-(2,3-di-E-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) | NF | AP | Vietnam | [132] | |
138 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | axillaroside | AP | China | [100] | |
139 | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3,6-di-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | centaureidin | EP | Taiwan | [74] | |
140 | 7-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | centaurein | AP | Japan | [83] | |
EP | Taiwan | [79] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [74] | ||||
141 | eupatorin, iso | NF | NF | China | [99] | |
142 | 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | NF | Japan | [70] | ||
143 | 7-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,8-dimethoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | NF | Japan | [70] | ||
144 | isorhamnetin 3-[O-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucopyranoside] | NF | AP | Vietnam | [132] | |
145 | 7-[(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-3-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | luteoside | AP | China | [100] | |
146 | luteolin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||
147 | 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3,6-di-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetagetin 3,6,3′-trimethyl ether | AP | China | [100] | |
148 | quercetagetin 3,7,3’-trimethyl ether-6-O-β-glucoside | AP | China | [100] | ||
149 | 7-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | jacein; quercetagetin 3,6,3′-trimethyl ether-7-O-β-glucoside | AP | Japan | [83] | |
EP | Taiwan | [79] | ||||
AP | China | [100] | ||||
150 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy- 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetin | AP | China | [102] | |
LF | China | [59] | ||||
EP | China | [133] | ||||
151 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-(β-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactoside; hyperin; hyperoside | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
AP | Japan | [83] | ||||
NF | China | [99] | ||||
AP | Japan | [62] | ||||
LF | China | [59] | ||||
EP | China | [133] | ||||
152 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
LF | Japan | [89] | ||||
AP | China | [102] | ||||
AP | Japan | [62] | ||||
153 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzo-pyran-3-yl-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid | quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
AP | Japan | [83] | ||||
154 | 3-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranosyl]oxy]-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy- 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetin 3-O-robinobioside | AP | Japan | [83] | |
EP | Taiwan | [79] | ||||
156 | 7-(β-D-glucopyranos-yloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetin 3,3’-dimethyl ether 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | RT | Brazil | [134] | |
RT | Brazil | [52] | ||||
RT | Brazil | [135] | ||||
157 | 7-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetin 3,3’-dimethyl ether 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside | RT | Brazil | [134] | |
RT | Brazil | [52] | ||||
158 | 7-[[6-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | quercetin 3,4’-dimethyl ether-7-O-rutinoside | AP | China | [121] | |
AP | China | [102] | ||||
159 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3-(β-D-glucofuranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | isoquercitrin | AP | Japan | [83] | |
AP | China | [102] | ||||
Terpenoids | ||||||
Sesquiterpenes | ||||||
160 | 3,7,11,11-tetramethyl-bicyclo[8.1.0]undeca-2,6-diene | bicyclogermacrene | LF | Brazil | [46] | |
161 | 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo-[7.2.0]undec-4-ene | E-caryophyllene | LF | Brazil | [46] | |
162 | 1-methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-1,6-cyclodecadiene | germacrene-D | LF | Brazil | [46] | |
163 | 4-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexen-1-ylidene)-1-methyl-cyclohexene | Z-γ-bisabolene | LF | Brazil | [46] | |
164 | decahydro-1,1,4-trimethyl-7-methylene-1H-cycloprop[e]-azulene | β-gurjunene | LF | Brazil | [46] | |
165 | 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-1,4,8-cycloundeca-triene | α-humulene;α-caryophyllene | LF | Brazil | [46] | |
166 | δ-muurolene | LF | Brazil | [46] | ||
167 | 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)-naphthalene | selina-3,7(11)-diene | LF | Brazil | [46] | |
Diterpenes | ||||||
168 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol | phytol | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
169 | 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenoic acid | phytenic acid | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
170 | 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenyl ester-heptanoic acid | phythyl heptanoate | LF | not stated | [84] | |
Steroids | ||||||
171 | campestrol | AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||
172 | phytosterin-B | NF | NF | Taiwan | [112] | |
NF | Egypt | [86] | ||||
173 | stigmast-5-en-3-ol | β-sitosterol | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||||
174 | β-sitosterol glucoside | NF | Egypt | [86] | ||
175 | 5α-stigmasta-7-en-3β-ol | EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||
176 | 5α-stigmasta-7,22t-dien-3β-ol | EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||
177 | stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol | stigmasterol | NF | Taiwan | [91] | |
AP | Tanzania | [44] | ||||
LF | not stated | [84] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||||
Triterpenes | ||||||
178 | lup-20(29)-en-3-ol | lupeol | NF | Egypt | [86] | |
179 | lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate | lupeol acetate | NF | Egypt | [86] | |
180 | olean-12-en-3-ol | β-amirin | NF | Egypt | [86] | |
181 | 5,9,13-trimethyl-24,25,26-trinoroleanan-3-ol | friedelan-3β-ol | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
182 | 5,9,13-trimethyl-24,25,26-tri-noroleanan-3-one | friedelin; friedelan-3-one | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
183 | 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene | squalene | AP | Tanzania | [44] | |
LF | not stated | [84] | ||||
EP | Taiwan | [85] | ||||
Tetraterpenes | ||||||
184 | β,β-carotene | β-carotene | LF | not stated | [113] | |
Porphyrins | ||||||
185 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexa-decen-1-yl ester-(15S,16S)-10-ethenyl-5-ethyl-1,16,18,20-tetrahydro-6,11,15,22-tetramethyl-18,20-dioxo-15H-9,12-imino-21,2-metheno-4,7:17,14-dinitrilo-pyrano[4,3-b]azacyclo-nonadecine-16-propanoic acid | aristophyll-C | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
186 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-yl ester-(2S,18S,19S,20bR)-13-ethenyl-8-ethyl-2a,18,19,20b-tetrahydro-20b-(methoxycarbonyl)-9,14,18,24-tetra-methyl-4H-12,15-imino-3,5-metheno-7,10:20,17-dinitrilo-1,2-dioxeto-[3',4':3,4]-cyclo-pent[1,2b]aza-cyclo-nonadecine-19-propanoic acid | bidenphytin A | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
187 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexa-decen-1-yl ester-(2S,18S,19S,20bR)-13-ethenyl-8-ethyl-2a,18,19,20b-tetrahydro-2a-hydroxy-20b-(methoxy-carbonyl)-9,14,18,24-tetramethyl-4H-12,15-imino-3,5-metheno-7,10:20,17-dinitrilo-1,2-dioxeto[3',4':3,4]-cyclo-pent[1,2-b]-azacyclononadecine-19-propanoic acid | bidenphytin B | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
188 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-yl ester-(3R,4S,21R)-14-ethyl-21-hydroxy-21-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,8,9,13,18-penta-methyl-20-oxo-3-phorbinepropanoic acid | (132R)-132-hydroxy-pheophytin a | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
189 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-yl ester-(3R,4S,21S)-14-ethyl-21-hydroxy-21-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,8,9,13,18-pentamethyl-20-oxo-3-phorbinepropanoic acid | (132S)-132-hydroxy-pheophytin a | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
190 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexa-decen-1-yl ester-(3R,4S,21R)-14-ethyl-13-formyl-21-hydroxy-21-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,8,9,18-tetramethyl-20-oxo-3-phorbine-propanoic acid, | (132R)-132-hydroxy-pheophytin b | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
191 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-yl ester-(3R,4S,21S)-14-ethyl-13-formyl-21-hydroxy-21-(methoxycarbonyl)-4,8,9,18-tetramethyl-20-oxo-3-phorbine-propanoic acid | (132 S)-132-hydroxy-pheophytin b | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
192 | (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexa-decen-1-yl ester-(3S,4S,21R)-9-ethenyl-14-ethyl-21-(methoxy-carbonyl)-4,8,13,18-tetramethyl-20-oxo-3-phorbinepropanoic acid | pheophytin a | LF | Taiwan | [90] | |
Nitrogen and Sulphur-containing Natural Products | ||||||
193 | 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione | caffeine | AP | Uganda | [110] | |
194 | thymidine | NF | China | [99] | ||
195 | 1-(2-thienyl)-ethanone | 2-acetyl-thiophene | RT | Germany | [122] | |
Carbohydrates/ disaccharides | ||||||
196 | heptanyl 2-O-β-xylofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside | EP | Taiwan | [79] | ||
Miscellaneous | ||||||
197 | 2-[(3R,7R,11R)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione | α-tocopheryl quinone | EP | Taiwan | [85] | |
198 | 7-O-(4”,6”-diacetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside | NF | LF | China | [59] |
AP, Aerial part; LF, Leaf; ST, Steam; EP, Entire plant; FL, Flowers; RT, Root; SD, Seed; LTC, Leaves of tissue culture; PNS, Part not specified; NF, Not found.